MoneyHub NZ
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  • Investing
    • Investing Platforms
      • Reviews
        • Sharesies Review
        • Hatch Review
        • Stake Review
          • Stake Black Review
        • Tiger Brokers (NZ) Review
        • Superhero Review
        • BlackBull Markets Share Trading Platform Review
        • ASB Securities Review
        • Invest Direct Review
        • InvestNow Review
        • Kernel Review
        • Interactive Brokers
        • Smart Review
        • Catalist Review
      • Comparisons
        • Sharesies vs Hatch vs Stake
        • Kernel vs Smart
        • Hatch vs Stake
        • Hatch vs Tiger Brokers
        • Sharesies vs Tiger Brokers
        • Stake vs Tiger Brokers
        • Comparing Sharesies vs Investnow vs Hatch vs Invest Direct and more
        • Best Investment Apps
        • How Do I Start Investing?
        • Virtual Stocks and Shares Trading Games
      • Guides
        • How to Invest in Shares
        • Investing in Vanguard Funds from New Zealand
        • Investing in the US Stock Market from New Zealand
          • How To Buy Tesla Shares
          • How To Buy Apple Shares
          • How To Buy Amazon Shares
          • How To Buy Alphabet Shares
          • How To Buy Netflix Shares
          • How To Buy Microsoft Shares
          • How To Buy Meta Shares
        • US Extended Hours Trading Explained
        • What Happens If Your Investing Platform Shuts Down?
        • Fractional Shares
        • Transferring Share Portfolios
        • How to Read and Understand a Share Chart
        • NZX in a Nutshell
        • Investing in the ASX from New Zealand
        • Investing in Asian Markets from New Zealand
        • Understand Gross vs Net
        • How to Attend the 2026 Berkshire Hathaway Annual Shareholders Meeting
    • Introduction to Investing
      • Guides
        • Index Funds
        • ETFs (Exchange Traded Funds)
        • Cash Funds
        • Index Funds vs ETFs
        • 10 Ways to Invest in New Zealand
        • Compound Interest Explained
        • How to Invest Regularly
        • Passive Investing vs Active Investing
        • Investments You Can Own Forever
        • Investing Mistakes
        • Investing in the S&P 500 from New Zealand
        • Best Retirement Income Products in New Zealand
        • Shares vs ETFs
        • Dollar Cost Averaging Guide
        • Margin Lending and Loans Explained
        • Borrowing to Invest in Property, Shares or Funds
        • Passive Income Strategies
        • How Wealthy New Zealanders Invest Their Money
        • The Best Way to Invest Inheritance or a Windfall
        • Barefoot Investor-Friendly Financial Products in New Zealand
        • Investment Terms Glossary
        • IPOs
        • Investing in Dividend Shares
        • Common Shareholder Numbers in New Zealand
        • Shorting a Stock
        • Investing vs Trading vs Gambling
        • Investment Strategies for the Time-Poor
        • Advanced Trading Concepts
        • New and Emerging Investment Opportunities and Trends
      • Young People and Investing
        • Investing for Kids
        • Investing For Grandchildren
        • 10 Top Investments for Young New Zealanders
        • Sharesies Kids Accounts Review
        • SquareOne Review
        • Dosh Review
      • Investing Calculators
        • Term Deposit Calculator
        • Compound Interest Calculator
        • Investment Calculator
        • Savings Calculator
        • Net Worth Calculator
        • Million Dollar Calculator
    • Managed Funds, Tax & DIY Investing
      • Guides
        • Investing Guide
        • Managed Funds
          • Pie Funds Management Review
          • Booster Private Land and Property Fund Review
          • AMP Managed Funds Review
        • Our Favourite Managed Funds
        • Advisers
          • Financial Advisers Overview
          • DIY Investing vs Investment Brokerage Firms vs Financial Advisors
          • Financial Advisers Auckland
          • Financial Advisers Wellington
          • Financial Advisers Christchurch
        • Bank Credit Ratings
        • Tax on Investments and Savings
        • Capital Gains Tax
        • Bright-Line Test
        • Ethical Investing
        • Best ESG Funds
        • Asset Allocations to Build Wealth
        • Managing Offshore Investments for Returning New Zealanders and Migrants
        • How to Buy and Sell Bonds
        • Buying NZ Corporate Bonds
        • Trading in a Nutshell
        • Peer to Peer Lending
        • Crowdfunding Guide
        • REITs Guide
        • Jasper Review
        • Investing & Personal Finance Podcasts
        • Emergency Funds
        • UK Pension Transfer to New Zealand
        • Returning to the UK from NZ
        • Spending Your Savings in Retirement
        • How to Take Income from Investments
        • What Am I Entitled to If My UK Pension Scheme or Provider Makes a Mistake?
        • Investment Scams
        • Investing in Recession-Proof Sectors and Asset Classes During a Downturn
        • Hedging Investments
        • Top Personal Finance Books for New Zealanders
        • Top Ten Personal Finance Resources
      • Reviews
        • Simplicity Investment Funds Review
        • Lending Crowd Review
        • Squirrel Review
        • Sharesight Review
        • Lifetime Retirement Income
        • New Zealand Financial Markets Authority (FMA)
      • Calculators
        • Managed Funds Fee Calculator
        • Basis Points Calculator
        • Inflation Calculator
        • Retirement Calculator New Zealand
    • Alternative Investments and Trading
      • Reviews
        • BlackBull Markets Review
        • CMC Markets Review
        • Plus500 Review
        • IG Review
        • TMGM Review
        • CMC Markets vs Plus500 vs IG Markets vs BlackBull Markets
      • Guides
        • How to Invest in Gold
        • How to Invest in Silver
        • Forex Trading Guide
          • Forex Trading Platforms Comparison
          • Forex Trading Tools
          • Forex Trading Courses and Education
          • Forex Regulation
        • Options Trading
        • Contracts for Difference (CFDs) Guide
        • Futures Trading
        • Commodities Trading
        • Copy Trading
      • Cryptocurrency
        • Reviews
          • Easy Crypto Review
          • Swyftx Review
          • Binance Review
          • Easy Crypto vs Swyftx
          • NZDD Review
          • Independent Reserve Review
          • eToro Review
          • Coinbase Review
          • Kiwi-Coin Bitcoin Exchange Review
          • Vault International Bitcoin Fund Review
        • Guides
          • How to Buy Bitcoin in New Zealand
          • Beginner's Guide to Bitcoin and Blockchain
          • Stablecoins
          • Guide to NFTs
          • Bitcoin Wallet Guide
          • Bitcoin Mining
          • How to Sell Bitcoin
          • Bitcoin and Crypto Scams
          • Initial Coin Offerings
          • A Beginner’s Guide to Investing in Cryptocurrencies
          • Decentralised Finance
          • Bitcoin in New Zealand
          • New Zealand Bitcoin Exchanges
          • How to Buy Ethereum in New Zealand
          • Other Coins
            • How to Buy Ripple in New Zealand
            • How to Buy Cardano in New Zealand
            • How to Buy Dogecoin in New Zealand
            • How to Buy Litecoin in New Zealand
            • How to Buy Polkadot in New Zealand
  • Loans & Finance
    • Car Finance
      • Car Finance Calculator
      • Electric Vehicle Loans
      • How to Refinance Your Car Loan
      • Car Loan Refinance Calculator
      • Car Dealership Finance vs Alternatives
      • Motorcycle and Moped Loans
      • Motorcycle and Moped Loan Calculator
      • Asset Finance
      • Asset Finance Repayment Calculator
      • Business Vehicle Loans
      • Bad Credit Car Loans
      • Car Loan Brokers vs Direct Car Finance
      • Car Loan Amortisation Calculator
      • Car Finance Company Reviews
        • Simplify Loans Review
        • Toyota Finance Review
        • Mazda Finance Review
        • MTF Finance Review
        • AA Money Review
        • Better Finance Review
        • Kiwi Car Loans Review
        • Lending People Review
        • Driva Car Loans Review
      • Car Finance Must-Knows Guides
        • Buying a Car Loan vs Personal Loan?
        • Car Loans and Collateral
        • Car Loan Guarantors
        • How to Save for a Car
        • Paying Cash for a Car vs Car Finance
        • Balloon Payments
        • Boat Financing Calculator
      • Car Finance Add-On Insurance Guides
        • GAP (Guaranteed Asset Protection Insurance) Insurance
        • Compare Mechanical Breakdown Insurance
        • PPI (Payment Protection Insurance)
    • Personal Loans
      • Debt Consolidation Loans
      • Secured Loans
      • Green Loans
      • Home Renovation Loans
      • Online Loans
      • Bad Credit Loans
      • Beneficiary Loans
      • Payday Loans
      • Cash Advance
      • Same Day Loans
      • Low Income Loans
      • Personal Loan Calculator
      • Debt Consolidation Calculator
      • The Dangers of Debt Consolidation
      • Refinance Personal Loan Calculator
      • Home Renovation Loan Calculator
      • Interest Calculator
      • Harmoney Loans Review
      • Nectar Review
      • Avanti Finance Review
      • Save My Bacon Review
    • Credit Scores & Interest Rates
      • Credit Scores and Credit Checks
      • How to Build Credit in New Zealand
      • How to Pay Down Debt Faster
      • Baycorp and Debt Collection
      • Interest Rates Guide
      • Interest Rate Comparison
      • Buy Now Pay Later Apps
        • Afterpay Review
        • Laybuy Review
        • Humm Review
        • Zip Review
  • Insurance
    • Compare Insurance
      • Compare Car Insurance
      • Car Insurance by Vehicle
        • Compare Toyota Aqua Insurance Costs
        • Compare Toyota Corolla Insurance Costs
        • Compare Toyota Hilux Insurance Costs
        • Compare Mazda2 and Demio Insurance Costs
        • Compare Ford Ranger Insurance Costs
        • Compare Nissan Navara Insurance Costs
        • Compare Subaru Legacy Insurance Costs
      • Reviews & Policy Comparisons
        • AMI vs AMP vs AA Insurance vs Cove vs State vs Tower vs Trade Me Insurance
        • Cove Car Insurance Review
        • Tower Car Insurance Review
        • Young Driver Car Insurance
        • Trade Me Car Insurance Review
        • Caravan Insurance
      • Car Insurance Guides
        • Third Party Car Insurance
        • How to Get Cheaper Car Insurance
        • Car Insurance Calculator
        • No Claims Bonuses Explained
        • Car Insurance Excess Explained
        • Cheapest Cars to Insure
        • Modifications that Make a Car Uninsurable
        • Car Insurers Directory
        • Car Insurance Glossary
        • Most Stolen Cars
    • Home, Contents and Other Insurance
      • House Insurance
      • House Insurance Calculator
      • Difficult to Insure Areas
      • Sum Insured Explained
      • Is Your Home an Insurance Risk?
      • Average Cost of Car, House, and Contents Insurance
      • Insuring Old Houses
      • Contents Insurance
      • Home and Contents Insurance
      • Renters' Insurance
      • Landlord Insurance
      • Dental Insurance and Dentist Plans
      • Phone Insurance
      • Insurance Excess
      • Insurance Company Financial Strength Ratings
      • Motorbike Insurance
      • Initio Review
      • Insurance Brokers
        • Trusted Insurance Brokers in Wellington
        • Trusted Insurance Brokers in Christchurch
    • Compare Pet Insurance
      • Is Pet Insurance Worth Buying?
      • Cat and Dog Desexing
      • Getting a Kitten
      • Buying a Puppy
      • Pet Euthanasia
      • Vet Costs in New Zealand
      • Dog Vaccination Schedule and Costs
      • Costs of Owning a Cat
      • Costs of Owning a Dog
    • Students Insurance
    • Life & Health Insurance
      • Life Insurance
        • Life Insurance Policy Comparison - Cigna vs AIA vs Asteron Life vs Fidelity vs Westpac vs Partners Life
        • Stepped vs Level Life Insurance
        • Life Insurance Calculator
        • Pre-Existing Medical Conditions
        • Buying Life Insurance Direct vs Using an Insurance Broker
        • Life Insurance Policies - Features and Questions to Ask
        • When To Cancel Or Change a Life Insurance Policy
        • Life Insurance For Smokers and Vapers
      • Health Insurance
        • Going to Australia for Medical Treatment
        • BMI Calculator New Zealand
      • Income Protection Insurance
        • ACC vs Income Protection Insurance
        • Income Protection Insurance for Self Employed
      • Mortgage Insurance
      • Trauma Insurance
      • Redundancy Insurance
      • Funeral Insurance
        • What to Do When a Spouse or Partner Dies
        • Funeral Costs
  • Credit Cards
    • Best Credit Cards
    • Rewards and Cashback Credit Cards
    • Credit Cards That Earn Business Class Flights
    • The Best American Express Credit Cards
    • Air New Zealand Airpoints Credit Cards
      • ANZ vs AMEX vs Kiwibank vs Westpac Platinum Airpoints Credit Cards
      • ANZ Airpoints Visa Platinum vs AMEX Airpoints Platinum
      • Kiwibank Airpoints Platinum Visa vs AMEX Airpoints Platinum
      • Westpac Airpoints Platinum Mastercard vs AMEX Airpoints Platinum
    • Balance Transfer Credit Cards
    • Platinum and Gold Credit Cards
    • Frequent Flyer Credit Cards
    • Travel Credit Cards
    • Interest Free Credit Cards
    • Virtual Debit and Credit Cards
    • Credit Cards That Provide Travel Insurance
    • Reviews
      • American Express Credit Cards Review
        • American Express Airpoints Platinum Review
        • American Express Gold Rewards Card Review
        • American Express Gold Business Card Review
        • AMEX Comparison - Airpoints Platinum vs Gold Rewards
        • Where is AMEX Accepted?
        • American Express Free Card vs Airpoints Platinum
        • American Express Platinum Card Review
        • American Express Membership Rewards Program Review
        • AMEX Cardholder Feedback
        • Valuing AMEX Membership Rewards Points
        • AMEX Dining Collection Program Review
        • The Best Ways to Spend AMEX Membership Rewards Points
        • Qantas Credit Cards
        • Qatar Airways Credit Cards
        • Singapore Airlines KrisFlyer Credit Cards
        • Cathay Pacific Asia Miles Credit Cards
        • Emirates Skywards Credit Cards
        • RewardPay Review
      • Flight Centre Mastercard Review
    • Guides
      • Pay Off Credit Card Debt
      • Credit Card Basics
      • Mastercard vs Visa
      • Credit Card Minimum Payments Explained
      • Credit Card Interest Calculator
      • Credit Card Debt Amortisation Calculator
      • How to Request a Credit Card Chargeback
    • Other Credit Cards
      • Best Foreign Currency Debit & Credit Cards
      • Free Credit Cards
      • Low Interest Credit Cards
      • Credit Cards for Bad Credit
      • Q Card & Q Mastercard Review
      • GEM Visa Review
      • Onecard Visa Review
      • Purple Visa Review
  • Travel Money Cards
    • Travel Money Card Reviews and Comparisons
      • Wise Debit Card Review
      • Revolut Review
      • Revolut vs Wise - Which Is Better?
      • Travelex Money Card vs Wise Debit Card Comparison
      • OneSmart Card vs Wise Debit Card Comparison
      • Cash Passport vs Wise Debit Card Comparison
    • Travel Money By Country
      • Top Travel Destinations Where the NZD is Strong Right Now
      • Australia Travel Money
      • Bali Travel Money
      • Canada Travel Money
      • Europe Travel Money
      • Fiji Travel Money
      • Japan Travel Money
      • Rarotonga Travel Money
      • Singapore Travel Money
      • Thailand Travel Money
      • USA Travel Money
      • UK Travel Money
      • United Arab Emirates Travel Money
  • Banking & Savings
    • Banking
      • Best Bank Accounts
      • Best Debit Cards
      • Best Joint Bank Accounts
      • Kids Bank Accounts
      • Cut Overdraft Costs
      • Private Banking
      • Open an Australian Bank Account from New Zealand
      • Open a UK Bank Account from New Zealand
    • Savings
      • Best Term Deposits
      • Best Notice Saver Accounts
      • Booster Savvy Review
      • Booster Savvy Analytics Review
      • Best PIE Term Deposits
      • Best Call Accounts
      • Best Savings Accounts
      • Term Deposit Alternatives
    • Guides and Resources
      • Banks vs Credit Unions
      • Open Banking Explained
      • NZ Bank Prefix Codes
    • Reviews
      • Wise Money Transfer Review
      • Heartland Bank Review
      • First Credit Union Review
      • NZCU Baywide Review
      • The Co-operative Bank NZ Review
      • Western Union Review
  • Mortgages
    • Mortgage Essentials
      • Best Home Loans
      • Mortgage Calculator
      • How Much Can I Borrow?
      • Debt to Income Ratios
      • Equity (and Leverage) Calculator
      • Mortgage Repayment Calculator
      • Mortgage Options
      • Mortgage Cashback
    • Other Mortgage Options
      • Interest-Only Mortgages Guide
      • Interest-Only Mortgage Calculator
      • Revolving Credit Mortgages
      • Offset Mortgages
      • Offset Mortgage Calculator
      • Fixed vs Floating Mortgage Rate Calculator
      • Understanding Interest Rate Swaps
      • What is the OCR?
    • Alternative Mortgage Options
      • Low-Deposit Home Loans
      • Rent to Own Homes
      • First Home Loan Guide
      • Reverse Mortgages
      • Lifetime Home Review
    • Mortgage Management
      • Saving for a House Deposit
      • Saving for a House Deposit as a Young Professional
      • Buying a Home with Family and Friends
      • Pay Off Your Mortgage Faster
      • Mortgage Overpayment Calculator
      • What To Do if You Bought a House at the Peak of the New Zealand Market
      • Tips for Seniors Renting or Paying Down a Mortgage
      • Remortgaging Guide
      • Mortgage Relief and Holidays
      • Amortisation Calculator
      • Mortgage Break Fees
      • Defaulting on a Mortgage
      • High Deposit Mortgages
      • Negative Equity
      • How to Manage Higher Mortgage Payments
      • Mortgage Refinance Calculator
    • Mortgage Brokers
      • Mortgage Brokers Explained
      • Trusted Auckland Mortgage Brokers
      • Trusted Hamilton Mortgage Brokers
      • Trusted Mortgage Brokers in Tauranga
      • Trusted Mortgage Brokers in Napier and Hastings
      • Trusted Mortgage Brokers in Wellington
      • Trusted Mortgage Brokers on the Kapiti Coast
      • Trusted Mortgage Brokers in Christchurch
      • LifeDirect Mortgages Review
    • Buying a Home
      • First Home Buyers Checklist
      • Home Buying Glossary
      • Best House Price & Valuation Websites in New Zealand
      • New Zealand Property Types
      • Rateable Value vs Market Value
      • Leasehold Property Guide
      • Conveyancing vs Lawyers
      • Buying an Apartment in New Zealand
      • Buying vs Renting a House
    • Selling a Home
      • How to Sell Your House Privately
      • Real Estate Agent Fees
      • Bridging Finance
    • Property Investment
      • Investment Property Mortgages
      • Renting Directly to Tenants vs Using an Agent
      • Interest Deductibility Changes
    • Building a House
      • Average Building Cost Per Square Metre
      • Cost to Build a New House
      • Buying Land to Build a House
      • Construction Loans
      • Tiny Homes in New Zealand
  • KiwiSaver
    • KiwiSaver Basics
      • Free $500+ Government Money for KiwiSaver
      • Our Favourite KiwiSaver Funds
      • Is KiwiSaver Safe?
      • Choosing a KiwiSaver Fund
      • How Aggressive Should KiwiSaver Be
      • Choosing Your KiwiSaver Scheme
      • Balanced vs Moderate vs Growth KiwiSaver Funds - What is right for me?
      • KiwiSaver Must-Know Facts
      • Opting out of KiwiSaver
      • What Do I Do With My KiwiSaver When I Retire?
      • KiwiSaver Withdrawal
      • Merging KiwiSaver and Australian Super Balances
      • Switching KiwiSaver Funds
      • KiwiSaver Robo and Digital Advice Tools
      • Ethical Kiwisaver Funds
      • KiwiSaver Private Equity Investments
    • KiwiSaver Contributions & Tax
      • Your KiwiSaver Contributions
      • KiwiSaver Contributions - Gross or Net?
      • Employer KiwiSaver Contributions
      • Government KiwiSaver Contributions
      • KiwiSaver Savings Suspensions
      • Voluntary Contributions
      • What's My PIR?
      • KiwiSaver and Tax
    • KiwiSaver for Life Events and Specific Situations
      • Average KiwiSaver Balance by Age
      • KiwiSaver First-Home Withdrawal
      • KiwiSaver First Home Grant Guide
      • KiwiSaver Hardship Applications
      • KiwiSaver in a Divorce or Separation
      • KiwiSaver for Kids
    • KiwiSaver Schemes
      • Amanah KiwiSaver Scheme
      • AMP KiwiSaver Scheme
      • ANZ KiwiSaver Scheme
      • ASB KiwiSaver Scheme
      • AON KiwiSaver Scheme
      • BNZ KiwiSaver Scheme
      • Booster KiwiSaver Scheme
      • Fisher Funds KiwiSaver Scheme
      • Generate KiwiSaver Scheme
      • InvestNow KiwiSaver Scheme
      • Pie KiwiSaver Scheme Review
      • Kernel KiwiSaver Review
      • Kernel KiwiSaver Plan vs Superlife KiwiSaver Scheme
      • Kiwi Wealth KiwiSaver Scheme
      • kōura Wealth KiwiSaver Review
      • SBS Wealth KiwiSaver Scheme Review
      • MAS KiwiSaver Scheme
        • MAS Review
      • Mercer KiwiSaver Scheme
      • Milford KiwiSaver Plan
      • New Zealand Defence Force KiwiSaver Scheme
      • GoalsGetter KiwiSaver Scheme
      • Pathfinder KiwiSaver Review
      • QuayStreet KiwiSaver Scheme
      • Simplicity KiwiSaver Review
      • Summer KiwiSaver Scheme
      • SuperLife Review
      • Westpac KiwiSaver Scheme
    • KiwiSaver Calculators
      • KiwiSaver Calculator
      • KiwiSaver Returns Calculator
  • Business
    • Compare Business Loans
      • Business Line of Credit
      • Business Borrowing Options
      • Small Business Loans
      • Operating Leases
      • Finance Leases
      • Operating Leases vs Financing Leases
      • Car Loan Repayment Calculator
      • Prospa Business Loans Review
      • Bizcap Business Loans Review
      • Taxi (Business Funding) Review
    • Business Insurance
      • Public Liability Insurance
      • Professional Indemnity Insurance
      • Business Interruption Insurance
    • Wise Business Account Review
    • Business Credit Cards
    • Business Essentials
      • Money Saving Tips For Businesses
      • Get Debtors to Pay Overdue Invoices
      • Working Capital
      • Liquidations and Receiverships
      • Can't Make Payroll Guide
      • Buying out a Business Partner
      • Business Brokers
    • PAYE & Taxes
      • PAYE Calculator
      • PAYE Tax Rates 2025 & 2026
      • Minimum Wage
      • Tax Codes in New Zealand
    • Business Calculators & Resources
      • GST Calculator
      • GST Due Dates 2025
      • Business Loan Calculator
      • ROI Calculator
      • IRR Calculator
      • Internal Rate of Return
      • Percent Off Calculator
      • Profit Margin Calculator
      • Current Ratio Calculator
      • Quick Ratio Calculator
    • Online Services
      • Domain Names
      • Trusted Web Designers
        • Auckland Web Designers
        • Hamilton Web Designers
        • Wellington Web Designers
        • Christchurch Web Designers
        • Tauranga Web Designers
        • Lower Hutt Web Designers
        • Dunedin Web Designers
      • Digital Identity Programs and Online Verification Tools
      • Trusted Auckland SEO Companies
      • Social Media Influencer Marketing
      • PayPal NZ Account Fees
      • Paypal vs Stripe Review
      • Hnry Review
      • n3 Trade Card Review
      • Plain English Awards
      • Retail Security Options and Costs
    • For Startups
      • How to Start a Business in New Zealand
      • Raising Capital
      • Product Market Fit
      • Crowdfunding vs Bank Financing
      • Blackbird vs Movac
      • How to Become an Angel Investor
      • How to Raise Money from Angel Investors
      • Alternatives to VC Funding
      • Hiring for a Startup
      • VCFO (Virtual CFO)
      • New Zealand Startup and Founder Incubators
      • Expanding Offshore
      • New Zealand Invoice Template
      • Business Podcasts
  • MSD
    • Navigating Work and Income Benefits
    • Jobseeker Support Benefit Rates 2025 and 2026
    • Jobseeker Support Guide
    • Accommodation Supplement Guide
    • SuperGold Card Review
    • Disability Allowance
    • MyMSD
    • Community Services Card
    • Hardship Assistance - Urgent Costs and Living Expense Assistance
    • Loans for Unemployed
    • Working for Families Guide
    • Childcare Subsidies in New Zealand
    • Super Rates 2025 and 2026
    • NZ Superannuation in a Nutshell
    • Government Departments Helping New Zealanders Directly
    • Food Grants Guide
    • Food Banks Directory
      • Food Banks Auckland
      • Food Banks Northland
      • Food Banks Hamilton Waikato
      • Food Banks Wellington
      • Food Banks Christchurch
  • Motoring
    • Buying and Selling a Car
      • Car Valuations
      • Buying a Used Car
      • Selling a Car
      • Turners Cars Review
      • CarJam Review
      • CarJam vs MotorWeb Car Report Comparison
      • Top Cars that Hold Their Value
      • Vehicle Leasing
      • Car Registration in New Zealand
      • The Women's Guide to Buying a Car
    • Car Dealerships Explained
    • Everyday Driving
      • Costs of Owning a Car
      • 20 Ways to Make Driving Cheaper
      • Gaspy App Review
      • Parking Tickets
      • AA Membership Review
      • Best Car Batteries
      • Best Electric Cars
      • Buyer’s Guide for the 2023 Toyota Hilux
      • Buyer’s Guide for the 2023 Toyota RAV4
      • Buyer’s Guide for the 2023 Ford Ranger
    • Warrant of Fitness
      • Guide to Warrant of Fitness
      • Warrant of Fitness Auckland
      • Warrant of Fitness Hamilton
      • Warrant of Fitness Tauranga
      • Warrant of Fitness Lower Hutt
      • Warrant of Fitness Wellington
      • Warrant of Fitness Christchurch
      • Warrant of Fitness Dunedin
  • Law
    • Wills Guide
    • Separation Agreements
    • Prenuptial Agreements
    • Divorce Guide
    • Trusts Guide
    • Enduring Power of Attorney Guide
    • Living Wills Guide
    • Probate
    • Agreeable Review
    • Footprint Online Wills Review
    • Perpetual Guardian
  • Travel
    • Moving Overseas
      • Working Holiday Visas
      • Working Holiday Visas for 30+ Year-Old New Zealanders
      • Moving to Australia
      • Moving to London
    • Air New Zealand Specific
      • Air NZ Upgrade Guide
      • How to Redeem Air New Zealand Airpoints Dollars
      • Fastest Way To Earn Air NZ Status Points
      • Air New Zealand Koru Membership Review
      • Airpoints Flexipay Guide
      • Air New Zealand Travel Tips
      • Air New Zealand Refunds & Credits
    • Lounges, Upgrades, Car Hire & More
      • How to Get Access to Airport Lounges
      • Air New Zealand Skycouch Review
      • No Nonsense Upgrade Guide
      • Car Rental Hire
      • Auckland Airport Car Parking
    • Best of New Zealand
      • Auckland Travel for Less
      • 100+ Free Things to do in Auckland
      • Queenstown Like a Local
    • Hotels & Dining
      • Accor Plus Review
      • First Table Guide
      • Hotel Booking Sites Compared
    • Foreign Currency Exchange
      • Currency Converter
      • Australian Dollars Exchange Rate
      • American Dollars Exchange Rate
      • British Pound Exchange Rate
      • Canadian Dollars Exchange Rate
      • Euro Exchange Rate
      • Fijian Dollars Exchange Rate
      • Hong Kong Dollar Exchange Rate
      • Korean Won Exchange Rate
      • Indian Rupee Exchange Rate
      • Japanese Yen Exchange Rate
      • Malaysian Ringgit Exchange Rate
      • South African Rand Exchange Rate
      • Singapore Dollars Exchange Rate
      • Thai Baht Exchange Rate
      • Chinese Yuan Exchange Rate
  • Travel Insurance
    • Compare Travel Insurance
    • AMEX Airpoints Platinum Travel Insurance Review
    • Travel Insurance by Destination
      • Australia and the Pacifc
        • Australia Travel Insurance
        • Fiji Travel Insurance
        • Rarotonga Travel Insurance
      • Asia
        • Bali Travel Insurance
        • China Travel Insurance
        • India Travel Insurance
        • Japan Travel Insurance
        • Malaysia Travel Insurance
        • Singapore Travel Insurance
        • South Korea Travel Insurance
        • Thailand Travel Insurance
        • Vietnam Travel Insurance
      • Americas & Africa
        • Canada Travel Insurance
        • Peru Travel Insurance
        • South Africa Travel Insurance
        • USA Travel Insurance
      • Europe
        • France Travel Insurance
        • Greece Travel Insurance
        • Italy Travel Insurance
        • UK Travel Insurance
    • Specific Risk Cover
      • Do I Need Travel Insurance?
      • Pregnancy Travel Insurance
    • Travel Insurer Reviews
      • Southern Cross Travel Insurance Review
      • AMI Travel Insurance Review
      • State Travel Insurance Review
    • Essential Information
      • Basic vs Comprehensive Travel Insurance
      • Health Insurance vs Travel Insurance
      • ACC vs Travel Insurance
      • Australia NZ Reciprocal Health Care Agreement
      • Travel Insurance Excess Explained
      • Claiming on Travel Insurance
      • How to Renew a New Zealand Passport
      • What is TAANZ?
      • Travel Packing List
      • Travel Insurers Directory
      • Travel Insurance Glossary
  • Mobile & SIM
    • Compare Mobile Plans
    • SIM Only Mobile Plans
    • eSIM Plans
    • Apple Watch Buying Guide
    • Spark Mobile Review
    • 2degrees Mobile Review
    • One NZ Mobile Review
    • Kiwi Mobile Review
    • Mobile Data Roaming
    • Saily Review
    • Best iPhone Plans
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The Basics of Hedging Investments in New Zealand

Understand hedging thoroughly with our guide. We outline what hedging is, its benefits, mechanics, types, steps to hedge an investment in New Zealand, derivatives, expenses, key information and frequently asked answered questions.
Hedging Investments NZ
Updated 8 August 2024

Summary
  • With the ongoing volatility in financial market, many New Zealanders look for ways to mitigate their downside risk and try to reduce the ongoing volatility in their portfolios.
  • One of the key ways that typical investment managers improve their returns and cap their downside risk is to hedge their positions.
  • Hedging as a risk management strategy can be useful for New Zealand investors looking to offset potential losses from adverse changes in share prices. However, it's important to understand the risks involved before entering into any derivative transaction.
  • Derivatives can be extremely complicated and lead investors to take on significantly more risk than they otherwise would be exposed to if they were just buying shares.
  • Additionally, investors should consider all the costs of hedging before deciding whether or not to hedge their investments. While hedging can be a useful tool for investors who want to protect their portfolios against losses, lock in profits, or speculate on the future direction of the market, it's important to understand that hedging comes with a cost which includes the "premium" for the derivative contract, opportunity cost, and the risk that the hedging strategy could fail.
  • However, when used correctly, hedging can be a valuable tool for managing risk in an investment portfolio.

Our guide covers:
  • What is Hedging, and Why Would I Want to Hedge My Investments?
  • How do Hedges Work Mechanically, What are the Main Types of Hedges and How Can I Hedge My Investments in New Zealand? 
  • What are Some Common Examples of Derivatives in Action? 
  • What are the Costs Associated with Hedging?
  • Must-Know Facts
  • Frequently Asked Questions

Looking for related guides? We publish a range of hedging-related resources:
  • Forex Trading
  • Futures Trading
  • Options Trading
  • Commodities Trading
  • Contracts for Difference (CFDs) Guide

Kernel Logo NZ
Visit Kernel
Your investor guide to Hedging Investments is sponsored by our friends at Kernel, a platform that offers a range of investment products (including a selection of hedged funds) and innovative technology to grow your wealth with ease and all in one place.
  • ​Kernel's products include index and active funds, a high interest saving account and the Kernel KiwiSaver Plan - our review explains more. 
  • 100% NZ-owned, Kernel is trusted by 20,000 Kiwis and has over $1b in assets under management.
  • Kernel offers expertly crafted equity and fixed-income funds at a competitively low price. There are no transaction fees, minimums, or hidden costs.
  • Kernel is suitable for investors with a short, medium or long-term investment timeframe.

What is Hedging NZ

What is Hedging?

Hedging is a risk management strategy implemented by investors to minimise or offset the chance of loss from adverse price changes in the underlying asset. In other words, hedging protects investors from market volatility. There are many different ways to hedge an investment, but the most common methods involve using derivative contracts like options or futures. Derivatives are financial instruments that get their value from underlying assets (such as stocks, bonds or currencies).

An example using put options to hedge losses in the sharemarket:
  • For example, let's say you own shares in a listed company that is extremely volatile in the stock market. You could buy put options on those shares to hedge your investment and reduce the volatility you might experience when investing in the stock.
  • Put options give you the right (not the obligation) to sell your shares at a specific price within a certain period.
  • Then, if the stock price drops below the put option's strike price (the price at which your option becomes active), you can "exercise" your option (trigger the derivative) and sell your shares at the higher price, limiting your loss.

Why would I want to hedge my investments?

There are several reasons why Kiwis might choose to hedge their investments: 

1. Protect against losses

The most common reason is to protect against losses in a market downturn. By hedging their investments, investors can limit their downside risk and avoid the potential for large losses. 

2. Lock in profits

​Another reason to hedge your bets is to lock in profits on an increased value investment. For example, if you own stock in a company that has seen its stock price increase significantly (like Tesla in 2020), you could buy put options to lock in those profits in case the stock price falls in the future whilst still holding your Tesla stock.

3. Speculate on stocks/markets going up

​Additionally, some investors use hedging as a way to speculate on the future direction of a stock or market. For example, by taking a position in both the underlying asset (such as buying Tesla stock) and a derivative contract (such as buying a Tesla call option), investors can make significantly more profit if their predictions are correct than if they had just purchased the stock. This outcome is why derivatives can result in a leveraged position, meaning your gains and losses are amplified. 

I often hear hedging is used for foreign shares and funds. How does this work?

New Zealand fund managers often use hedging to protect investors from gains (and falls) in the NZD. Hedging in foreign exchange (FX) reduces the risk associated with currency fluctuations. 

When an investor is exposed to a foreign currency (as is the case of holding a non-NZD fund or share), they are exposed to the risk that the value of that currency will decrease relative to the NZ Dollar. Hedging in FX involves taking a position in the FX market that offsets this exposure.

For example, an investor with a long-term investment in US shares may hedge their currency exposure by purchasing a currency forward contract for NZD and USD. This contract locks in a future exchange rate at which the investor can exchange their USD for NZD, reducing the impact of any adverse movements in the currency exchange rate.

Another way to hedge FX exposure is through the use of currency options.
  • A currency call option provides the buyer with the option to purchase a specific currency at a predetermined exchange rate, but they are not obligated to do so.
  • On the other hand, a currency put option grants the buyer the right to sell a specific currency at a set exchange rate, but they are not required to exercise this option.
  • Both options allow the investor to limit their downside risk in adverse currency movements.

Know This: Most New Zealand retail investors don't hedge their overseas shares, but you may see a fund's title include the word "hedged" or "unhedged", which distinguishes how the FX risk is addressed.

Hedging Investments NZ How Hedging Works

How do Hedges Work Mechanically?

  • ​Hedges transfer the risk of a share price's fluctuations (related to an asset) from one party to another.
  • For example, imagine you're a farmer in Waikato and have just harvested your crop of apples. You may be worried that the price of apples might fall before you're able to sell them, so you decide to hedge your position by entering into a short hedge with a supermarket in Auckland.
  • This scenario means that you will sell a futures contract for apples today and agree to deliver the apples (at a set price) in the future. By doing this, you've effectively locked in the sale of your apples at the current price and have transferred the price risk of your apples to someone else (the party on the other side of the transaction).
  • On the other hand, suppose the price of apples falls by 40% due to a huge oversupply of imported apples. In that case, you will have mitigated this risk as your futures contract is locked in, and the other party (in this case, the supermarket in Auckland) has already committed to purchasing a certain number of apples from you at a set price.

Know This:
Using a hedge can be both a good and a bad thing. Taking the example above, if the price of apples falls, you will still receive the agreed-upon price for your apples because you have locked in that price with your short hedge. However, if the price of apples rises, you'll miss out on profits because you've agreed to sell them at a reduced price than what they are currently worth.

What are the main types of hedges?

There are two main types of hedges:
  • Short hedges: an investor buys a futures contract to sell an asset at a fixed/specific price at some point in the future. This type of hedge is used when the investor expects the asset price to fall.
  • Long hedges: an investor sells a futures contract to buy an asset at a fixed/specific price at some point in the future. This type of hedge is used when the investor expects the asset price to rise.

How can I hedge my investments in New Zealand?

There are many different ways to hedge an investment, but the most common methods involve using derivative contracts like options or futures. Derivatives are financial instruments that get their value from the asset they're tracking or dealing with. Investing platforms that deal in derivatives will allow you to purchase these instruments. In New Zealand, the most popular platforms that offer derivatives are Interactive Brokers, BlackBull Markets, CMC Markets and Tiger Brokers.

Kernel Logo NZ
Visit Kernel
Your investor guide to Hedging Investments is sponsored by our friends at Kernel, a platform that offers a range of investment products (including a selection of hedged funds) and innovative technology to grow your wealth with ease and all in one place.
  • ​Kernel's products include index and active funds, a high interest saving account and the Kernel KiwiSaver Plan - our review explains more. 
  • 100% NZ-owned, Kernel is trusted by 20,000 Kiwis and has over $1b in assets under management.
  • Kernel offers expertly crafted equity and fixed-income funds at a competitively low price. There are no transaction fees, minimums, or hidden costs.
  • Kernel is suitable for investors with a short, medium or long-term investment timeframe.

Hedging Investments NZ Examples

What are Some Common Examples of Derivatives in Action?

Put Option Example

Generally, a put option is purchased to limit downside risk. For example, let's say you own shares in a company susceptible to volatile swings in the stock market. You could buy put options on those shares as a way to hedge your investment. Put options give you the right (not the obligation) to sell your shares at a specific price within a certain period. If the stock price drops below the put option's strike price, you can exercise your option and sell your shares at the higher price, limiting your loss. For more examples of options trading in New Zealand, check out our comprehensive guide here.

Call option example

Generally, a call option is purchased to capture upside risk (with limited upfront capital). Similarly, you could buy call options to hedge your investment. Call options give you the right (not the obligation) to purchase shares at a specific price within a certain period. If the stock price rises above the call option's strike price, you can exercise your option and buy shares at the lower price, locking in a profit. For more examples of options trading in New Zealand, check out our comprehensive guide here.

Short selling example

Generally, short selling involves profiting where a stock price declines in value. Short selling involves borrowing a security (a stock, bond or other instruments) and selling it on the open market to buy it back at a lower price and give it back to the original owner to profit when the price declines. For more elaborate examples, check out our comprehensive short-selling guide here.

Futures or swaps contracts examples

One final way to hedge investment is using futures contracts or swaps. Futures contracts are contractual agreements to buy/sell an asset at a fixed price on a future date. It's important to note that futures agreements are obligations (you are contractually obliged to execute the contract, you don't have a choice), unlike call or put contracts above where you have a right, not an obligation, to execute the contract. In contrast, swaps are agreements between two parties to exchange individual assets, such as cash flows from two different assets.

Hedging Investments NZ Costs

What are the Costs Associated with Hedging?

  • ​Hedging comes with a cost, typically the "premium" (initial cost to write and establish the contract) paid for the derivative contract used to hedge the investment.
  • For example, if you purchase a put option to hedge your investment, you'll have to pay a premium for that option. The cost of this "premium" can vary dramatically depending on the type of underlying asset you're trading, the appropriate amount of liquidity and volume on the trade and whether the option is "in the money" (meaning if you executed the contract or derivative, you would make a profit from it as it stands) or "out of the money" (meaning if you were to execute the contract, you wouldn't make a profit on it as it currently stands).
  • The cost of hedging can also include the opportunity cost of not being able to profit from an increase in the underlying asset price. For example, if you purchase a put option to hedge your investment and the stock price rises, you'll miss out on the potential gains in share price from any increases in the asset price.
  • Finally, there's always the risk that the hedging strategy doesn't work out as planned and ends up losing money. This outcome is particularly true for futures and swaps contracts.
  • For example, using the earlier example, if you, as a supermarket in Auckland, expected the price of apples to increase in the next year. So you locked in the cost and quantity of apples by entering into a future contract with the apple grower from Waikato. Still, the price of apples plummeted, your hedging strategy has not worked out, and you will lose money (the difference between the price you locked in for the apples and the current price of the apples after the price has dropped) on each apple you purchased.

Hedging Investments NZ Facts

Hedging Must-Know Facts

1. Hedging is a risk management strategy to protect an investment from losses.
  • It is a strategy used to reduce or eliminate the financial impact of adverse price movements in the market.
  • The main objective of hedging is to preserve wealth and minimize the risk of financial loss.

2. Common hedging strategies include buying put and call options, short selling, and using futures contracts or swaps.
  • There are several common hedging strategies that investors use to protect their portfolios.
  • One such strategy is buying put-and-call options, which give the buyer the right but not the obligation to sell or buy an underlying asset at a specific price.
  • Short selling is another strategy where an investor sells a security they don't own to buy it back at a lower price.
  • Futures contracts and swaps are derivatives that allow the buyer to speculate on an underlying asset's price movements, lock in profits, or reduce the risk of losses.

3. The hedging costs include the premium for the derivative contract, opportunity cost, and the risk that the hedging strategy could fail.
  • Investors need to be aware of the associated costs before making any hedging decisions. The hedging costs include the premium for the derivative contract, opportunity cost, and the risk that the hedging strategy could fail.
  • The premium is the cost of purchasing the derivative contract, which can be substantial, especially if the contract has a long lifespan.
  • Opportunity cost refers to the potential profits the investor may miss out on by using funds to purchase the derivative contract. Finally, there is the risk that the hedging strategy may not work as planned, and the investor may still incur losses.

4. Hedging can be useful for investors who want to protect their portfolios against losses or lock in profits.
  • As such, it's important to understand the associated costs before making any decisions. Hedging can provide stability and peace of mind, knowing that their investments are protected against market fluctuations. It can be useful for investors who want to protect their portfolios against losses or lock in profits.
  • However, it's important to understand the associated costs and potential limitations before making any decisions.

5. Hedging is a double-edged sword.
  • While it may mitigate your downside risk in some situations, it can also cap your upside risk.
  • Hedging is a double-edged sword in that it can reduce the potential for losses and limit the potential for gains. While it may mitigate the downside risk in some situations, it can also cap the upside risk.
  • This means that while hedging can protect an investment from losses, it can also limit the potential for profits.

Hedging Investments NZ Frequently Asked Questions

Frequently Asked Questions

Who uses hedging?

Hedging is commonly used by institutional investors, portfolio managers, and hedge fund managers to reduce exposure to certain asset classes or industries and to mitigate downside risk. However, any investor can use hedging strategies to protect their portfolios, but this wasn't always the case.

Historically, it was extremely costly to hedge an investment portfolio and the types of investors who could access derivatives were very limited. However, with the recent democratisation of investment access and online tools offering more and more to their customers, it's never been easier to set up a brokerage account and get access to the derivatives market. 

What are some common hedging strategies?

​Investors use the four most common hedging strategies: buying put options, selling call options, buying futures contracts, and short selling.

What is the difference between a short hedge and a long hedge?

​A short hedge is used when the investor expects the asset price to fall. Conversely, a long hedge is used when the investor expects the asset price to rise.

How much does it cost to hedge?

The cost of hedging depends on the type of hedge used and the current market conditions. Additionally, the cost of premiums on derivatives contracts can vary widely depending on your investment platform. For a comprehensive comparison of the investment platforms in New Zealand, check out our definitive guide here.

What are some common types of risks that are typically hedged?

The most common risks that are usually hedged include the following:
  • Interest rate risk (the risk that increases or decreases in interest rates hurt an underlying asset's value)
  • Currency risk (the risk that increases or decreases in the strength of one currency hurt another currency or cash flows related to an underlying asset's value)
  • Commodity price risk (the risk that increases or decreases in the price of a specific commodity, like oil or gold, hurts an underlying asset's value)

What’s the difference between hedging and insurance?

​Hedging is a financial transaction used to offset potential losses from adverse price changes (usually through derivatives). Insurance is a contract that protects an individual or business from losses that may occur in the future.

What’s the difference between hedging and speculation?

​Hedging is a financial transaction that offsets potential losses from adverse price changes. Speculation is defined as buying assets to profit from their future price movements.

What’s the difference between hedging and arbitrage?

​Hedging is a financial transaction that offsets potential losses from adverse price changes. Arbitrage is buying and selling assets in different markets to profit from the price differences.

What is the difference between hedging and investing?

​Hedging is a financial transaction intended to offset potential losses from adverse price changes. Investing is buying assets to hold them for future appreciation or income.

What are the main derivatives contracts that people use to hedge?

Hedges are purchased depending on your specific needs and objectives. Some common hedges include:
  • Forward contracts
  • Futures contracts
  • Options contracts
  • Swaps contracts

How can I get access to derivatives in New Zealand?

​There are a few ways to access derivatives in New Zealand. One way is to trade them on the NZX Derivatives Market. This market offers various derivative products that are purchased for hedging purposes.

Another way to access derivatives is through some financial institutions that deal in derivatives, like investment banks (Goldman Sachs, UBS, Jarden, Craigs Investment Partners) or brokers (such as Interactive Brokers, BlackBull Markets, CMC Markets and Tiger Brokers). Financial institutions typically offer a wider range of products than the NZX, but they'll generally be more costly to trade.

What should I weigh up before entering into a derivative transaction?

Before entering any financial transaction, it is important to understand the risks involved. This statement is especially true for derivatives since they are complex instruments with potential large losses. Some top things to consider before entering into a derivative transaction include the following:
  • Your investment objectives
  • Your risk tolerance
  • The type of derivative you’re considering purchasing
  • The costs involved
  • The potential loss you may incur (with simple stock purchases, you can only lose as much as you put in. However, with derivatives, your losses can theoretically be infinite).
 
If you're not comfortable with the risks involved in derivatives, other options may be more suitable for you.

What are the best New Zealand investment platforms to hedge my investments?

The four main platforms in New Zealand that provide hedging options through derivatives contracts include:
  • Interactive Brokers
  • BlackBull Markets
  • CMC Markets
  • Tiger Brokers

Kernel Logo NZ
Visit Kernel
Your investor guide to Hedging Investments is sponsored by our friends at Kernel, a platform that offers a range of investment products (including a selection of hedged funds) and innovative technology to grow your wealth with ease and all in one place.
  • ​Kernel's products include index and active funds, a high interest saving account and the Kernel KiwiSaver Plan - our review explains more. 
  • 100% NZ-owned, Kernel is trusted by 20,000 Kiwis and has over $1b in assets under management.
  • Kernel offers expertly crafted equity and fixed-income funds at a competitively low price. There are no transaction fees, minimums, or hidden costs.
  • Kernel is suitable for investors with a short, medium or long-term investment timeframe.

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  • Credit Cards
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        • Qantas Credit Cards
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  • Banking & Savings
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      • LifeDirect Mortgages Review
    • Buying a Home
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  • KiwiSaver
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  • MSD
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  • Motoring
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    • Best of New Zealand
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  • Travel Insurance
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    • Essential Information
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  • Mobile & SIM
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  • Broadband
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  • Power
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    • Power Companies
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  • Essential Money Tips
    • Must-Read Lists & Tips
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      • 10 Signs You’re in Financial Danger
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      • 20 Frugal Decisions That Often Backfire
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      • 20 Supermarket Ripoffs
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      • 10 Hidden and Exorbitant Costs of Living in New Zealand
      • 10 Simple Financial Steps with Massive Future Payoffs
    • Money & Relationships
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      • Don’t Let Supporting Your Adult Children Ruin Your Retirement
      • Lending Money to Friends & Family
      • Guarantors - Loans and Mortgages
    • Money & Family
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    • Valuable Insights
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      • Dental Costs
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    • Challenging Economic Conditions
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      • Layoffs, Redundancies and Restructures - Your Rights and Next Steps
      • Graduating Without a Job
      • Should I Stop Contributing to KiwiSaver?
  • Financial Independence
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      • SortMe Review
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    • Tax
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      • Salary Sacrifice in New Zealand
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  • Life Essentials
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      • Free Samples
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    • Kids Eat Free
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      • HelloFresh Review
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    • Entertainment
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    • Consumer Rights
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    • Shopping Resources
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    • Living Essentials
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    • Home & Kitchen
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      • Best Computer Desks
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      • Blinds, Curtains and Drapes Auckland
    • Health & Personal Care
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  • Trade Services
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    • Christchurch Trade Services
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