MoneyHub NZ
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  • Investing
    • Investing Platforms
      • Reviews
        • Sharesies Review
        • Hatch Review
        • Stake Review
          • Stake Black Review
        • Tiger Brokers (NZ) Review
        • Superhero Review
        • BlackBull Markets Share Trading Platform Review
        • ASB Securities Review
        • Invest Direct Review
        • InvestNow Review
        • Kernel Review
        • Interactive Brokers
        • Smart Review
        • Catalist Review
      • Comparisons
        • Sharesies vs Hatch vs Stake
        • Kernel vs Smart
        • Hatch vs Stake
        • Hatch vs Tiger Brokers
        • Sharesies vs Tiger Brokers
        • Stake vs Tiger Brokers
        • Comparing Sharesies vs Investnow vs Hatch vs Invest Direct and more
        • Best Investment Apps
        • How Do I Start Investing?
        • Virtual Stocks and Shares Trading Games
      • Guides
        • How to Invest in Shares
        • Investing in Vanguard Funds from New Zealand
        • Investing in the US Stock Market from New Zealand
          • How To Buy Tesla Shares
          • How To Buy Apple Shares
          • How To Buy Amazon Shares
          • How To Buy Alphabet Shares
          • How To Buy Netflix Shares
          • How To Buy Microsoft Shares
          • How To Buy Meta Shares
        • US Extended Hours Trading Explained
        • What Happens If Your Investing Platform Shuts Down?
        • Fractional Shares
        • Transferring Share Portfolios
        • How to Read and Understand a Share Chart
        • NZX in a Nutshell
        • Investing in the ASX from New Zealand
        • Investing in Asian Markets from New Zealand
        • Understand Gross vs Net
        • How to Attend the 2026 Berkshire Hathaway Annual Shareholders Meeting
    • Introduction to Investing
      • Guides
        • Index Funds
        • ETFs (Exchange Traded Funds)
        • Cash Funds
        • Index Funds vs ETFs
        • 10 Ways to Invest in New Zealand
        • Compound Interest Explained
        • How to Invest Regularly
        • Passive Investing vs Active Investing
        • Investments You Can Own Forever
        • Investing Mistakes
        • Investing in the S&P 500 from New Zealand
        • Best Retirement Income Products in New Zealand
        • Shares vs ETFs
        • Dollar Cost Averaging Guide
        • Margin Lending and Loans Explained
        • Borrowing to Invest in Property, Shares or Funds
        • Passive Income Strategies
        • How Wealthy New Zealanders Invest Their Money
        • The Best Way to Invest Inheritance or a Windfall
        • Barefoot Investor-Friendly Financial Products in New Zealand
        • Investment Terms Glossary
        • IPOs
        • Investing in Dividend Shares
        • Common Shareholder Numbers in New Zealand
        • Shorting a Stock
        • Investing vs Trading vs Gambling
        • Investment Strategies for the Time-Poor
        • Advanced Trading Concepts
        • New and Emerging Investment Opportunities and Trends
      • Young People and Investing
        • Investing for Kids
        • Investing For Grandchildren
        • 10 Top Investments for Young New Zealanders
        • Sharesies Kids Accounts Review
        • SquareOne Review
        • Dosh Review
      • Investing Calculators
        • Term Deposit Calculator
        • Compound Interest Calculator
        • Investment Calculator
        • Savings Calculator
        • Net Worth Calculator
        • Million Dollar Calculator
    • Managed Funds, Tax & DIY Investing
      • Guides
        • Investing Guide
        • Managed Funds
          • Pie Funds Management Review
          • Booster Private Land and Property Fund Review
          • AMP Managed Funds Review
        • Our Favourite Managed Funds
        • Advisers
          • Financial Advisers Overview
          • DIY Investing vs Investment Brokerage Firms vs Financial Advisors
          • Financial Advisers Auckland
          • Financial Advisers Wellington
          • Financial Advisers Christchurch
        • Bank Credit Ratings
        • Tax on Investments and Savings
        • Capital Gains Tax
        • Bright-Line Test
        • Ethical Investing
        • Best ESG Funds
        • Asset Allocations to Build Wealth
        • Managing Offshore Investments for Returning New Zealanders and Migrants
        • How to Buy and Sell Bonds
        • Buying NZ Corporate Bonds
        • Trading in a Nutshell
        • Peer to Peer Lending
        • Crowdfunding Guide
        • REITs Guide
        • Jasper Review
        • Investing & Personal Finance Podcasts
        • Emergency Funds
        • UK Pension Transfer to New Zealand
        • Returning to the UK from NZ
        • Spending Your Savings in Retirement
        • How to Take Income from Investments
        • What Am I Entitled to If My UK Pension Scheme or Provider Makes a Mistake?
        • Investment Scams
        • Investing in Recession-Proof Sectors and Asset Classes During a Downturn
        • Hedging Investments
        • Top Personal Finance Books for New Zealanders
        • Top Ten Personal Finance Resources
      • Reviews
        • Simplicity Investment Funds Review
        • Lending Crowd Review
        • Squirrel Review
        • Sharesight Review
        • Lifetime Retirement Income
        • New Zealand Financial Markets Authority (FMA)
      • Calculators
        • Managed Funds Fee Calculator
        • Basis Points Calculator
        • Inflation Calculator
        • Retirement Calculator New Zealand
    • Alternative Investments and Trading
      • Reviews
        • BlackBull Markets Review
        • CMC Markets Review
        • Plus500 Review
        • IG Review
        • TMGM Review
        • CMC Markets vs Plus500 vs IG Markets vs BlackBull Markets
      • Guides
        • How to Invest in Gold
        • How to Invest in Silver
        • Forex Trading Guide
          • Forex Trading Platforms Comparison
          • Forex Trading Tools
          • Forex Trading Courses and Education
          • Forex Regulation
        • Options Trading
        • Contracts for Difference (CFDs) Guide
        • Futures Trading
        • Commodities Trading
        • Copy Trading
      • Cryptocurrency
        • Reviews
          • Easy Crypto Review
          • Swyftx Review
          • Binance Review
          • Easy Crypto vs Swyftx
          • NZDD Review
          • Independent Reserve Review
          • eToro Review
          • Coinbase Review
          • Kiwi-Coin Bitcoin Exchange Review
          • Vault International Bitcoin Fund Review
        • Guides
          • How to Buy Bitcoin in New Zealand
          • Beginner's Guide to Bitcoin and Blockchain
          • Stablecoins
          • Guide to NFTs
          • Bitcoin Wallet Guide
          • Bitcoin Mining
          • How to Sell Bitcoin
          • Bitcoin and Crypto Scams
          • Initial Coin Offerings
          • A Beginner’s Guide to Investing in Cryptocurrencies
          • Decentralised Finance
          • Bitcoin in New Zealand
          • New Zealand Bitcoin Exchanges
          • How to Buy Ethereum in New Zealand
          • Other Coins
            • How to Buy Ripple in New Zealand
            • How to Buy Cardano in New Zealand
            • How to Buy Dogecoin in New Zealand
            • How to Buy Litecoin in New Zealand
            • How to Buy Polkadot in New Zealand
  • Loans & Finance
    • Car Finance
      • Car Finance Calculator
      • Electric Vehicle Loans
      • How to Refinance Your Car Loan
      • Car Loan Refinance Calculator
      • Car Dealership Finance vs Alternatives
      • Motorcycle and Moped Loans
      • Motorcycle and Moped Loan Calculator
      • Asset Finance
      • Asset Finance Repayment Calculator
      • Business Vehicle Loans
      • Bad Credit Car Loans
      • Car Loan Brokers vs Direct Car Finance
      • Car Loan Amortisation Calculator
      • Car Finance Company Reviews
        • Simplify Loans Review
        • Toyota Finance Review
        • Mazda Finance Review
        • MTF Finance Review
        • AA Money Review
        • Better Finance Review
        • Kiwi Car Loans Review
        • Lending People Review
        • Driva Car Loans Review
      • Car Finance Must-Knows Guides
        • Buying a Car Loan vs Personal Loan?
        • Car Loans and Collateral
        • Car Loan Guarantors
        • How to Save for a Car
        • Paying Cash for a Car vs Car Finance
        • Balloon Payments
        • Boat Financing Calculator
      • Car Finance Add-On Insurance Guides
        • GAP (Guaranteed Asset Protection Insurance) Insurance
        • Compare Mechanical Breakdown Insurance
        • PPI (Payment Protection Insurance)
    • Personal Loans
      • Debt Consolidation Loans
      • Secured Loans
      • Green Loans
      • Home Renovation Loans
      • Online Loans
      • Bad Credit Loans
      • Beneficiary Loans
      • Payday Loans
      • Cash Advance
      • Same Day Loans
      • Low Income Loans
      • Personal Loan Calculator
      • Debt Consolidation Calculator
      • The Dangers of Debt Consolidation
      • Refinance Personal Loan Calculator
      • Home Renovation Loan Calculator
      • Interest Calculator
      • Harmoney Loans Review
      • Nectar Review
      • Avanti Finance Review
      • Save My Bacon Review
    • Credit Scores & Interest Rates
      • Credit Scores and Credit Checks
      • How to Build Credit in New Zealand
      • How to Pay Down Debt Faster
      • Baycorp and Debt Collection
      • Interest Rates Guide
      • Interest Rate Comparison
      • Buy Now Pay Later Apps
        • Afterpay Review
        • Laybuy Review
        • Humm Review
        • Zip Review
  • Insurance
    • Compare Insurance
      • Compare Car Insurance
      • Car Insurance by Vehicle
        • Compare Toyota Aqua Insurance Costs
        • Compare Toyota Corolla Insurance Costs
        • Compare Toyota Hilux Insurance Costs
        • Compare Mazda2 and Demio Insurance Costs
        • Compare Ford Ranger Insurance Costs
        • Compare Nissan Navara Insurance Costs
        • Compare Subaru Legacy Insurance Costs
      • Reviews & Policy Comparisons
        • AMI vs AMP vs AA Insurance vs Cove vs State vs Tower vs Trade Me Insurance
        • Cove Car Insurance Review
        • Tower Car Insurance Review
        • Young Driver Car Insurance
        • Trade Me Car Insurance Review
        • Caravan Insurance
      • Car Insurance Guides
        • Third Party Car Insurance
        • How to Get Cheaper Car Insurance
        • Car Insurance Calculator
        • No Claims Bonuses Explained
        • Car Insurance Excess Explained
        • Cheapest Cars to Insure
        • Modifications that Make a Car Uninsurable
        • Car Insurers Directory
        • Car Insurance Glossary
        • Most Stolen Cars
    • Home, Contents and Other Insurance
      • House Insurance
      • House Insurance Calculator
      • Difficult to Insure Areas
      • Sum Insured Explained
      • Is Your Home an Insurance Risk?
      • Average Cost of Car, House, and Contents Insurance
      • Insuring Old Houses
      • Contents Insurance
      • Home and Contents Insurance
      • Renters' Insurance
      • Landlord Insurance
      • Dental Insurance and Dentist Plans
      • Phone Insurance
      • Insurance Excess
      • Insurance Company Financial Strength Ratings
      • Motorbike Insurance
      • Initio Review
      • Insurance Brokers
        • Trusted Insurance Brokers in Wellington
        • Trusted Insurance Brokers in Christchurch
    • Compare Pet Insurance
      • Is Pet Insurance Worth Buying?
      • Cat and Dog Desexing
      • Getting a Kitten
      • Buying a Puppy
      • Pet Euthanasia
      • Vet Costs in New Zealand
      • Dog Vaccination Schedule and Costs
      • Costs of Owning a Cat
      • Costs of Owning a Dog
    • Students Insurance
    • Life & Health Insurance
      • Life Insurance
        • Life Insurance Policy Comparison - Cigna vs AIA vs Asteron Life vs Fidelity vs Westpac vs Partners Life
        • Stepped vs Level Life Insurance
        • Life Insurance Calculator
        • Pre-Existing Medical Conditions
        • Buying Life Insurance Direct vs Using an Insurance Broker
        • Life Insurance Policies - Features and Questions to Ask
        • When To Cancel Or Change a Life Insurance Policy
        • Life Insurance For Smokers and Vapers
      • Health Insurance
        • Going to Australia for Medical Treatment
        • BMI Calculator New Zealand
      • Income Protection Insurance
        • ACC vs Income Protection Insurance
        • Income Protection Insurance for Self Employed
      • Mortgage Insurance
      • Trauma Insurance
      • Redundancy Insurance
      • Funeral Insurance
        • What to Do When a Spouse or Partner Dies
        • Funeral Costs
  • Credit Cards
    • Best Credit Cards
    • Rewards and Cashback Credit Cards
    • Credit Cards That Earn Business Class Flights
    • The Best American Express Credit Cards
    • Air New Zealand Airpoints Credit Cards
      • ANZ vs AMEX vs Kiwibank vs Westpac Platinum Airpoints Credit Cards
      • ANZ Airpoints Visa Platinum vs AMEX Airpoints Platinum
      • Kiwibank Airpoints Platinum Visa vs AMEX Airpoints Platinum
      • Westpac Airpoints Platinum Mastercard vs AMEX Airpoints Platinum
    • Balance Transfer Credit Cards
    • Platinum and Gold Credit Cards
    • Frequent Flyer Credit Cards
    • Travel Credit Cards
    • Interest Free Credit Cards
    • Virtual Debit and Credit Cards
    • Credit Cards That Provide Travel Insurance
    • Reviews
      • American Express Credit Cards Review
        • American Express Airpoints Platinum Review
        • American Express Gold Rewards Card Review
        • American Express Gold Business Card Review
        • AMEX Comparison - Airpoints Platinum vs Gold Rewards
        • Where is AMEX Accepted?
        • American Express Free Card vs Airpoints Platinum
        • American Express Platinum Card Review
        • American Express Membership Rewards Program Review
        • AMEX Cardholder Feedback
        • Valuing AMEX Membership Rewards Points
        • AMEX Dining Collection Program Review
        • The Best Ways to Spend AMEX Membership Rewards Points
        • Qantas Credit Cards
        • Qatar Airways Credit Cards
        • Singapore Airlines KrisFlyer Credit Cards
        • Cathay Pacific Asia Miles Credit Cards
        • Emirates Skywards Credit Cards
        • RewardPay Review
      • Flight Centre Mastercard Review
    • Guides
      • Pay Off Credit Card Debt
      • Credit Card Basics
      • Mastercard vs Visa
      • Credit Card Minimum Payments Explained
      • Credit Card Interest Calculator
      • Credit Card Debt Amortisation Calculator
      • How to Request a Credit Card Chargeback
    • Other Credit Cards
      • Best Foreign Currency Debit & Credit Cards
      • Free Credit Cards
      • Low Interest Credit Cards
      • Credit Cards for Bad Credit
      • Q Card & Q Mastercard Review
      • GEM Visa Review
      • Onecard Visa Review
      • Purple Visa Review
  • Travel Money Cards
    • Travel Money Card Reviews and Comparisons
      • Wise Debit Card Review
      • Revolut Review
      • Revolut vs Wise - Which Is Better?
      • Travelex Money Card vs Wise Debit Card Comparison
      • OneSmart Card vs Wise Debit Card Comparison
      • Cash Passport vs Wise Debit Card Comparison
    • Travel Money By Country
      • Top Travel Destinations Where the NZD is Strong Right Now
      • Australia Travel Money
      • Bali Travel Money
      • Canada Travel Money
      • Europe Travel Money
      • Fiji Travel Money
      • Japan Travel Money
      • Rarotonga Travel Money
      • Singapore Travel Money
      • Thailand Travel Money
      • USA Travel Money
      • UK Travel Money
      • United Arab Emirates Travel Money
  • Banking & Savings
    • Banking
      • Best Bank Accounts
      • Best Debit Cards
      • Best Joint Bank Accounts
      • Kids Bank Accounts
      • Cut Overdraft Costs
      • Private Banking
      • Open an Australian Bank Account from New Zealand
      • Open a UK Bank Account from New Zealand
    • Savings
      • Best Term Deposits
      • Best Notice Saver Accounts
      • Booster Savvy Review
      • Booster Savvy Analytics Review
      • Best PIE Term Deposits
      • Best Call Accounts
      • Best Savings Accounts
      • Term Deposit Alternatives
    • Guides and Resources
      • Banks vs Credit Unions
      • Open Banking Explained
      • NZ Bank Prefix Codes
    • Reviews
      • Wise Money Transfer Review
      • Heartland Bank Review
      • First Credit Union Review
      • NZCU Baywide Review
      • The Co-operative Bank NZ Review
      • Western Union Review
  • Mortgages
    • Mortgage Essentials
      • Best Home Loans
      • Mortgage Calculator
      • How Much Can I Borrow?
      • Debt to Income Ratios
      • Equity (and Leverage) Calculator
      • Mortgage Repayment Calculator
      • Mortgage Options
      • Mortgage Cashback
    • Other Mortgage Options
      • Interest-Only Mortgages Guide
      • Interest-Only Mortgage Calculator
      • Revolving Credit Mortgages
      • Offset Mortgages
      • Offset Mortgage Calculator
      • Fixed vs Floating Mortgage Rate Calculator
      • Understanding Interest Rate Swaps
      • What is the OCR?
    • Alternative Mortgage Options
      • Low-Deposit Home Loans
      • Rent to Own Homes
      • First Home Loan Guide
      • Reverse Mortgages
      • Lifetime Home Review
    • Mortgage Management
      • Saving for a House Deposit
      • Saving for a House Deposit as a Young Professional
      • Buying a Home with Family and Friends
      • Pay Off Your Mortgage Faster
      • Mortgage Overpayment Calculator
      • What To Do if You Bought a House at the Peak of the New Zealand Market
      • Tips for Seniors Renting or Paying Down a Mortgage
      • Remortgaging Guide
      • Mortgage Relief and Holidays
      • Amortisation Calculator
      • Mortgage Break Fees
      • Defaulting on a Mortgage
      • High Deposit Mortgages
      • Negative Equity
      • How to Manage Higher Mortgage Payments
      • Mortgage Refinance Calculator
    • Mortgage Brokers
      • Mortgage Brokers Explained
      • Trusted Auckland Mortgage Brokers
      • Trusted Hamilton Mortgage Brokers
      • Trusted Mortgage Brokers in Tauranga
      • Trusted Mortgage Brokers in Napier and Hastings
      • Trusted Mortgage Brokers in Wellington
      • Trusted Mortgage Brokers on the Kapiti Coast
      • Trusted Mortgage Brokers in Christchurch
      • LifeDirect Mortgages Review
    • Buying a Home
      • First Home Buyers Checklist
      • Home Buying Glossary
      • Best House Price & Valuation Websites in New Zealand
      • New Zealand Property Types
      • Rateable Value vs Market Value
      • Leasehold Property Guide
      • Conveyancing vs Lawyers
      • Buying an Apartment in New Zealand
      • Buying vs Renting a House
    • Selling a Home
      • How to Sell Your House Privately
      • Real Estate Agent Fees
      • Bridging Finance
    • Property Investment
      • Investment Property Mortgages
      • Renting Directly to Tenants vs Using an Agent
      • Interest Deductibility Changes
    • Building a House
      • Average Building Cost Per Square Metre
      • Cost to Build a New House
      • Buying Land to Build a House
      • Construction Loans
      • Tiny Homes in New Zealand
  • KiwiSaver
    • KiwiSaver Basics
      • Free $500+ Government Money for KiwiSaver
      • Our Favourite KiwiSaver Funds
      • Is KiwiSaver Safe?
      • Choosing a KiwiSaver Fund
      • How Aggressive Should KiwiSaver Be
      • Choosing Your KiwiSaver Scheme
      • Balanced vs Moderate vs Growth KiwiSaver Funds - What is right for me?
      • KiwiSaver Must-Know Facts
      • Opting out of KiwiSaver
      • What Do I Do With My KiwiSaver When I Retire?
      • KiwiSaver Withdrawal
      • Merging KiwiSaver and Australian Super Balances
      • Switching KiwiSaver Funds
      • KiwiSaver Robo and Digital Advice Tools
      • Ethical Kiwisaver Funds
      • KiwiSaver Private Equity Investments
    • KiwiSaver Contributions & Tax
      • Your KiwiSaver Contributions
      • KiwiSaver Contributions - Gross or Net?
      • Employer KiwiSaver Contributions
      • Government KiwiSaver Contributions
      • KiwiSaver Savings Suspensions
      • Voluntary Contributions
      • What's My PIR?
      • KiwiSaver and Tax
    • KiwiSaver for Life Events and Specific Situations
      • Average KiwiSaver Balance by Age
      • KiwiSaver First-Home Withdrawal
      • KiwiSaver First Home Grant Guide
      • KiwiSaver Hardship Applications
      • KiwiSaver in a Divorce or Separation
      • KiwiSaver for Kids
    • KiwiSaver Schemes
      • Amanah KiwiSaver Scheme
      • AMP KiwiSaver Scheme
      • ANZ KiwiSaver Scheme
      • ASB KiwiSaver Scheme
      • AON KiwiSaver Scheme
      • BNZ KiwiSaver Scheme
      • Booster KiwiSaver Scheme
      • Fisher Funds KiwiSaver Scheme
      • Generate KiwiSaver Scheme
      • InvestNow KiwiSaver Scheme
      • Pie KiwiSaver Scheme Review
      • Kernel KiwiSaver Review
      • Kernel KiwiSaver Plan vs Superlife KiwiSaver Scheme
      • Kiwi Wealth KiwiSaver Scheme
      • kōura Wealth KiwiSaver Review
      • SBS Wealth KiwiSaver Scheme Review
      • MAS KiwiSaver Scheme
        • MAS Review
      • Mercer KiwiSaver Scheme
      • Milford KiwiSaver Plan
      • New Zealand Defence Force KiwiSaver Scheme
      • GoalsGetter KiwiSaver Scheme
      • Pathfinder KiwiSaver Review
      • QuayStreet KiwiSaver Scheme
      • Simplicity KiwiSaver Review
      • Summer KiwiSaver Scheme
      • SuperLife Review
      • Westpac KiwiSaver Scheme
    • KiwiSaver Calculators
      • KiwiSaver Calculator
      • KiwiSaver Returns Calculator
  • Business
    • Compare Business Loans
      • Business Line of Credit
      • Business Borrowing Options
      • Small Business Loans
      • Operating Leases
      • Finance Leases
      • Operating Leases vs Financing Leases
      • Car Loan Repayment Calculator
      • Prospa Business Loans Review
      • Bizcap Business Loans Review
      • Taxi (Business Funding) Review
    • Business Insurance
      • Public Liability Insurance
      • Professional Indemnity Insurance
      • Business Interruption Insurance
    • Wise Business Account Review
    • Business Credit Cards
    • Business Essentials
      • Money Saving Tips For Businesses
      • Get Debtors to Pay Overdue Invoices
      • Working Capital
      • Liquidations and Receiverships
      • Can't Make Payroll Guide
      • Buying out a Business Partner
      • Business Brokers
    • PAYE & Taxes
      • PAYE Calculator
      • PAYE Tax Rates 2025 & 2026
      • Minimum Wage
      • Tax Codes in New Zealand
    • Business Calculators & Resources
      • GST Calculator
      • GST Due Dates 2025
      • Business Loan Calculator
      • ROI Calculator
      • IRR Calculator
      • Internal Rate of Return
      • Percent Off Calculator
      • Profit Margin Calculator
      • Current Ratio Calculator
      • Quick Ratio Calculator
    • Online Services
      • Domain Names
      • Trusted Web Designers
        • Auckland Web Designers
        • Hamilton Web Designers
        • Wellington Web Designers
        • Christchurch Web Designers
        • Tauranga Web Designers
        • Lower Hutt Web Designers
        • Dunedin Web Designers
      • Digital Identity Programs and Online Verification Tools
      • Trusted Auckland SEO Companies
      • Social Media Influencer Marketing
      • PayPal NZ Account Fees
      • Paypal vs Stripe Review
      • Hnry Review
      • n3 Trade Card Review
      • Plain English Awards
      • Retail Security Options and Costs
    • For Startups
      • How to Start a Business in New Zealand
      • Raising Capital
      • Product Market Fit
      • Crowdfunding vs Bank Financing
      • Blackbird vs Movac
      • How to Become an Angel Investor
      • How to Raise Money from Angel Investors
      • Alternatives to VC Funding
      • Hiring for a Startup
      • VCFO (Virtual CFO)
      • New Zealand Startup and Founder Incubators
      • Expanding Offshore
      • New Zealand Invoice Template
      • Business Podcasts
  • MSD
    • Navigating Work and Income Benefits
    • Jobseeker Support Benefit Rates 2025 and 2026
    • Jobseeker Support Guide
    • Accommodation Supplement Guide
    • SuperGold Card Review
    • Disability Allowance
    • MyMSD
    • Community Services Card
    • Hardship Assistance - Urgent Costs and Living Expense Assistance
    • Loans for Unemployed
    • Working for Families Guide
    • Childcare Subsidies in New Zealand
    • Super Rates 2025 and 2026
    • NZ Superannuation in a Nutshell
    • Government Departments Helping New Zealanders Directly
    • Food Grants Guide
    • Food Banks Directory
      • Food Banks Auckland
      • Food Banks Northland
      • Food Banks Hamilton Waikato
      • Food Banks Wellington
      • Food Banks Christchurch
  • Motoring
    • Buying and Selling a Car
      • Car Valuations
      • Buying a Used Car
      • Selling a Car
      • Turners Cars Review
      • CarJam Review
      • CarJam vs MotorWeb Car Report Comparison
      • Top Cars that Hold Their Value
      • Vehicle Leasing
      • Car Registration in New Zealand
      • The Women's Guide to Buying a Car
    • Car Dealerships Explained
    • Everyday Driving
      • Costs of Owning a Car
      • 20 Ways to Make Driving Cheaper
      • Gaspy App Review
      • Parking Tickets
      • AA Membership Review
      • Best Car Batteries
      • Best Electric Cars
      • Buyer’s Guide for the 2023 Toyota Hilux
      • Buyer’s Guide for the 2023 Toyota RAV4
      • Buyer’s Guide for the 2023 Ford Ranger
    • Warrant of Fitness
      • Guide to Warrant of Fitness
      • Warrant of Fitness Auckland
      • Warrant of Fitness Hamilton
      • Warrant of Fitness Tauranga
      • Warrant of Fitness Lower Hutt
      • Warrant of Fitness Wellington
      • Warrant of Fitness Christchurch
      • Warrant of Fitness Dunedin
  • Law
    • Wills Guide
    • Separation Agreements
    • Prenuptial Agreements
    • Divorce Guide
    • Trusts Guide
    • Enduring Power of Attorney Guide
    • Living Wills Guide
    • Probate
    • Agreeable Review
    • Footprint Online Wills Review
    • Perpetual Guardian
  • Travel
    • Moving Overseas
      • Working Holiday Visas
      • Working Holiday Visas for 30+ Year-Old New Zealanders
      • Moving to Australia
      • Moving to London
    • Air New Zealand Specific
      • Air NZ Upgrade Guide
      • How to Redeem Air New Zealand Airpoints Dollars
      • Fastest Way To Earn Air NZ Status Points
      • Air New Zealand Koru Membership Review
      • Airpoints Flexipay Guide
      • Air New Zealand Travel Tips
      • Air New Zealand Refunds & Credits
    • Lounges, Upgrades, Car Hire & More
      • How to Get Access to Airport Lounges
      • Air New Zealand Skycouch Review
      • No Nonsense Upgrade Guide
      • Car Rental Hire
      • Auckland Airport Car Parking
    • Best of New Zealand
      • Auckland Travel for Less
      • 100+ Free Things to do in Auckland
      • Queenstown Like a Local
    • Hotels & Dining
      • Accor Plus Review
      • First Table Guide
      • Hotel Booking Sites Compared
    • Foreign Currency Exchange
      • Currency Converter
      • Australian Dollars Exchange Rate
      • American Dollars Exchange Rate
      • British Pound Exchange Rate
      • Canadian Dollars Exchange Rate
      • Euro Exchange Rate
      • Fijian Dollars Exchange Rate
      • Hong Kong Dollar Exchange Rate
      • Korean Won Exchange Rate
      • Indian Rupee Exchange Rate
      • Japanese Yen Exchange Rate
      • Malaysian Ringgit Exchange Rate
      • South African Rand Exchange Rate
      • Singapore Dollars Exchange Rate
      • Thai Baht Exchange Rate
      • Chinese Yuan Exchange Rate
  • Travel Insurance
    • Compare Travel Insurance
    • AMEX Airpoints Platinum Travel Insurance Review
    • Travel Insurance by Destination
      • Australia and the Pacifc
        • Australia Travel Insurance
        • Fiji Travel Insurance
        • Rarotonga Travel Insurance
      • Asia
        • Bali Travel Insurance
        • China Travel Insurance
        • India Travel Insurance
        • Japan Travel Insurance
        • Malaysia Travel Insurance
        • Singapore Travel Insurance
        • South Korea Travel Insurance
        • Thailand Travel Insurance
        • Vietnam Travel Insurance
      • Americas & Africa
        • Canada Travel Insurance
        • Peru Travel Insurance
        • South Africa Travel Insurance
        • USA Travel Insurance
      • Europe
        • France Travel Insurance
        • Greece Travel Insurance
        • Italy Travel Insurance
        • UK Travel Insurance
    • Specific Risk Cover
      • Do I Need Travel Insurance?
      • Pregnancy Travel Insurance
    • Travel Insurer Reviews
      • Southern Cross Travel Insurance Review
      • AMI Travel Insurance Review
      • State Travel Insurance Review
    • Essential Information
      • Basic vs Comprehensive Travel Insurance
      • Health Insurance vs Travel Insurance
      • ACC vs Travel Insurance
      • Australia NZ Reciprocal Health Care Agreement
      • Travel Insurance Excess Explained
      • Claiming on Travel Insurance
      • How to Renew a New Zealand Passport
      • What is TAANZ?
      • Travel Packing List
      • Travel Insurers Directory
      • Travel Insurance Glossary
  • Mobile & SIM
    • Compare Mobile Plans
    • SIM Only Mobile Plans
    • eSIM Plans
    • Apple Watch Buying Guide
    • Spark Mobile Review
    • 2degrees Mobile Review
    • One NZ Mobile Review
    • Kiwi Mobile Review
    • Mobile Data Roaming
    • Saily Review
    • Best iPhone Plans
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Investing vs Trading vs Gambling

There is an exceptionally fine line between trading or investing and gambling. Many traders unsuspectingly and unknowingly fall into the trap of becoming gamblers - our first-of-its-kinds guide explains what you need to know.
Investing vs Trading vs Gambling
Updated 7 June 2024

Know This First:
  • Trading, investing, betting and gambling are very similar activities, primarily due to their speculative nature and inherent potential to win or lose money. These activities are also alike in terms of the emotional responses they can trigger - particularly those related to the thrill of winning, the anxiety and fear of losing, and, eventually, the pain of losing.
  • While investing doesn't have negative connotations, to the untrained eye, trading and gambling might not seem too different. Consider someone who puts $1,000 on red at a roulette table, buys a thousand scratch cards or opens a position for 100,000 NZD/USD. In each of these examples, this person could win money or lose money, and the outcome is somewhat binary. Specifically, the outcome of roulette could be red, black or zero; the outcome of the scratch cards is losing or winning an undetermined amount, and the price of NZD/USD will go up, down or stay the same.
  • The way traders, investors, betters and gamblers approach their decisions is similar, especially the biases that influence decisions, which can push them into the realm of gambling. Similarly, professional gamblers use risk-to-reward strategies like traders approach their wagers. 
  • This guide, the only of its kind in New Zealand, focuses on the similarities and differences between trading & investing and betting & gambling. 
  • Disclaimer: MoneyHub will never be a fan of gambling; it doesn’t matter whether you’re betting on the horses or the stock market; it is not a responsible way to manage your money. We also don’t encourage investing in speculative financial products due to the high likelihood of losing your money.

Summary
  • Gambling is defined as wagering money on an event with an uncertain and potentially random outcome for a potential prize.
  • Whether you’re trading or investing, you must have a clear strategy to govern your decisions. If you’re opening a position without any idea of whether you’ll be profitable or under which conditions you will close the position, you’re gambling.
  • Unlike gambling, trading and investing are not entirely random because the application of technical and fundamental analysis with proven techniques and strategies gives traders an edge. Additionally, the price of assets is determined by the actions of investors. For example, if there is an overwhelming demand to buy gold, the price will rise.
  • Financial markets can be unpredictable because of the actions of investors. For example, if the Reserve Bank of New Zealand raises interest rates, there will be a sudden surge in demand for New Zealand dollars. If the news was not expected, it might seem like an unpredictable price movement, but the reason is clear and logical.
  • Whether you’re trading shares, derivatives or investing in a company, without conducting any technical or fundamental analysis, the outcome will be entirely random; essentially, that’s gambling. Read on a Facebook group that people are buying a cannabis company share and rush in to buy? That's gambling.
  • Trading psychology is a well-studied area of behavioural finance. Trading and investing require discipline. Traders need to battle dozens of biases to trade successfully.
  • With products like binary options and spread betting, the boundaries of trading and gambling became increasingly blurred.
  • Many gambling products, particularly those operated online (which are prohibited in New Zealand), are far from transparent. In contrast, trading platforms provided by firms licensed in New Zealand, Australia, Europe and other developed regions are scrutinised by regulators. They have to follow best execution practices and strict reporting obligations.

To help you make sense of what you need to know, our guide covers:
  • Trading, investing, gambling and betting explained
  • Cognitive biases and trading
  • What is the difference between trading and gambling?
  • Our conclusion
  • Frequently asked questions

MoneyHub Founder Christopher Walsh shares his first-hand experience about 'trading' turning into gambling:

"Many people have addictive personalities - it's not their fault, and they need to be supported, not isolated. The rise of share investing platforms has been harmless and educational for the most part. But inexperienced investors haven't always seen financial gains. When it goes wrong, and in one particular case they did, the results were the worst possible".

"When I worked at Merrill Lynch, the joke among traders was 'if in trouble...double'. The (unproven) idea is that you can recover losses by sustainably 'going big' on future trades. The reality is very different".

"And, now, to three first-hand experiences:

The addict: I had a workmate in London who told the boss where to go and decided to trade the US markets and, randomly, Nikkei Futures. I don't know how much he started to invest, but the returns were almost certainly minimal. The experience had a disastrous effect on his personal life. He became anti-social (given the hours he needed to be up), addicted to screen time, anxious and reliant on drugs to stay focused. It ended terribly. I don't believe the strategy was to 'trade' - it was full-time gambling under the mirage of some kind of investing activity.

The gambler: In another situation, a friend's now (ex) husband quit his consultancy job to 'trade' US markets at night. Yet his hours weren't consistent with when the US markets were open. Why was he up at 4am on a Monday in Auckland when the US markets are closed until about 1am on Tuesday? It turns out his 'trading' was a front for online casinos.

The bored guy: And lastly, you have the average guy trading pretending it's not gambling (but it is). There's a rather remote kitesurfing beach I go to in Thailand. Facing the beach is a fantastic restaurant. However, the owner's husband is a 'trader'. If he's awake, you can be assured that he will be sitting with his iPad putting $1 and $2 foreign exchange 'trades' into some app. He then watches this screen, the moving graph and closes out, making 3 cents here, losing 4 cents there. From casual glances, I would estimate he spends 5-10 hours a day looking at a screen and makes 50 cents. He's gambling".
MoneyHub Founder Christopher Walsh
MoneyHub Founder
Christopher Walsh

If you feel like you or someone you know's trading is turning into gambling, there are several services available to help you, such as:
  • Problem Gambling Foundation of New Zealand
  • Gambling Helpline run by New Zealand Telehealth Services
  • The Ministry of Health

Investing vs Trading vs Gambling

Trading, Investing, Gambling and Betting Explained

Before going further, we need to first define the following concepts: trading, investing, gambling and betting:
  • Trading is buying and selling or opening and closing positions in financial instruments, such as stocks, currencies and derivatives;
  • Investing is buying and holding assets such as stocks, property and precious metals with the expectation they will appreciate in the long term;
  • Gambling is placing a wager on a game or event with a random outcome. Commonly known as games of chance, typical forms of gambling are roulette, blackjack, three-card poker and bingo. In games of chance, the dealer (or the house) usually has the edge over other players;
  • Betting is placing a wager on an event, such as a rugby match or competition. The bookmaker sets odds based on demand and uses the losers' money to pay the winners. Unlike gambling, which has entirely random outcomes that cannot be predicted, technical and fundamental analysis can be used to predict the outcome of sports competitions.

From the descriptions above, you’ll notice that betting has more in common with trading than anything else. Gambling is the outlier because it’s the least rational way to earn money, mainly because it’s impossible to be profitable in the long run because of the random nature of outcomes and the skew in favour of the house, implying that if you play for long enough, you’ll ultimately lose.

Why do people gamble?

Many people who gamble should know deep down that their odds of winning are stacked against them, yet they do it anyway. The reason people gamble is reasonable and simple, but for others, it can be destructive and complex:
  • On the simple side, some people gamble for the thrill and experience. Perhaps they want to enjoy a night out at the casino or make a rugby match a little more interesting by wagering a few dollars on the outcome.
  • However, on the complex side of things, some people are attracted to gambling as an easy and quick way to potentially earn money, escape from other problems in their life, or are hooked on the adrenaline rush they get from winning or the thought of winning. Some people have personality traits that predispose them to problematic gambling habits.

Gambling is a vice, which is why it is illegal in many countries, highly regulated in most other countries and taboo in many organised religious and ethnic groups. In contrast, trading is a respected profession and a necessary part of the global capital markets system for creating constant liquidity. It is part and parcel of every nation's economy.

Investing vs Trading vs Gambling

Cognitive Biases and Trading

Trading and gambling both involve risking capital to potentially create profits. In The Colour of Money, the character Eddie says, “Money won is twice as sweet as money earned.” In reality, one dollar is the same as any other dollar, meaning they should taste equally as sweet. However, human experiences differ. Whether trading with logic and discipline, it’s foolish to discount that the desire to win (and not lose) won’t impact your behaviour. 

Know This:
  • Making decisions on whether to open or close positions for different trading instruments and at which price levels is complex. We take data and facts and try to process them using logic, but unfortunately, emotion and irrationality seep into our decisions.
  • Whether you know it or not, biases play a huge role in making decisions. A lot of training is required to understand and manage our biases. One of the reasons algorithmic trading has proliferated in the day trading community is because it removes the emotional influences of traders and simply executes the strategy without question.

A bias is defined as a particular tendency, trend, inclination, feeling, or opinion, especially one that is preconceived or unreasoned. We explore some of the most common cognitive biases that influence trading decisions:
  1. Gambler’s fallacy bias is when a trader believes the probabilities will shift in their favour following a series of losses. For example, in the course of a losing streak, a trader might believe that after each losing trade, a winning trade is more likely to occur. If the market is in a bullish trend, it doesn’t matter how many short trades are placed; the chances of winning will not increase simply by placing more trades.
  2. Martingale bias expands the gambler's fallacy, where upon each losing trade, the trader doubles their position size to earn enough to recover the losses from the previous trade. The trader continues to double their position size upon each loss, so the next profitable trade covers the losses of all previous consecutive losing trades. The strategy only works if the trader eventually wins, but as already established, the likelihood of winning doesn’t increase based on the number of attempts.
  3. Hot-hand bias is when traders believe they are on a winning streak, thus enhancing their confidence and establishing a feeling they will win the next trade simply because they’re on a roll, ignoring the real reasons they're winning.
  4. Sunk cost fallacy is when traders double down on a losing position or investment. For example, buying 50 shares of PayPal for US$300 per share, then when the price falls to US$100, they buy more shares, essentially throwing good money after bad.
  5. Loss aversion bias is the tendency to avoid losing more than trying to profit. For example, a trader feeling disappointed about a $100 losing trade meanwhile earning $300 from other trades, rather than viewing it as a net profit of $200. The loss aversion bias can lead traders to avoid taking risks and not entering trades due to the fear of a negative outcome, known as status quo bias.
  6. Confirmation bias is when traders seek information that validates their current view while disregarding anything contradictory. The problem with confirmation bias is traders collect substantial evidence confirming their idea, leading to overconfidence.
  7. Recency bias is when traders assign more weight to the most recent information and consider older information less relevant. For example, they may disregard an old announcement about the company being investigated for fraud and act on recent news about its earnings rising. 
  8. Anchoring bias is when traders fixate on the first piece of information they discovered when analysing an opportunity. Anchoring to that first piece of information, they ignore other potentially important data.
  9. Bandwagon bias is when traders want to follow or are reassured by the sentiment of others without necessarily understanding the basis of others' decisions.
  10. Hindsight bias is when traders see positive outcomes as the result of their performance while determining that negative outcomes are the result of unpredictable events.
  11. Contagion heuristic bias is when traders avoid a particular instrument because they previously had a negative experience. For example, if a trader lost several thousand dollars trading NZD/JPY and now feels this currency pair is somehow toxic. 
  12. Post-Purchase Rationalisation bias is when traders overlook the shortcomings to justify their purchase.

Investing vs Trading vs Gambling

What is the Difference Between Trading and Gambling?

Depending on who you ask, some might vehemently disagree there are any comparisons between trading financial markets and playing games of chance. In a legal sense, they are technically correct. From a behavioural perspective, they are entirely wrong, as covered above.

There are several differences between trading and gambling. For example, differences include market regulations, tax implications, ownership, predictability and benefits to society:

1. Regulations
In New Zealand, gambling is tightly controlled by the Department of Internal Affairs and the industry is operated as a monopoly where competition isn’t permitted. The only company offering gambling and betting products in New Zealand is TAB. In contrast, the Financial Markets Authority (FMA) regulates trading derivatives, and stock trading isn’t a licensed activity. The FMA promotes competition in the market and encourages new participants to innovate and provide better investment products for consumers.

2. Transparency
Online brokers and investment firms licensed in New Zealand and other similarly developed nations have to prove how they arrive at prices; they can’t just make up prices from thin air. Investment companies must submit regular reports to regulatory authorities that detail the exact method used to derive prices and execute transactions. Regulated investment firms must not manipulate prices, and malicious behaviour such as intentionally slipping or spiking prices to cause losses is punishable by hefty fines, sanctions and even prison for the company's management.

3. Tax implications
In New Zealand, income from gambling winnings doesn’t need to be declared or taxed. In contrast, profits from trading need to be taxed as income. However, earnings from investments don’t need to be taxed because New Zealand does not have a capital gains tax. The difference between income from trading and capital gains from investing is nuanced.

4. Predictability
Games of chance are intrinsically unpredictable. Whereas trading financial markets can be predictable, provided traders learn to use the abundance of tools at their disposal. There are endless well-established and time-proven technical analysis techniques using historical price data. Trading the markets requires analytical skills, patience and continual study of financial instruments' movements. It is a science and a skill.

5. Leverage
It is common for derivatives, such as forex, options and futures, to be traded using leverage provided by brokers. In contrast, it’s prohibited for credit to be provided for gambling.

6. Settlement
Any trades or investments you make will result in a variable loss. You buy an asset at one price and sell it at another price, which may be higher, lower or the same, meaning your profit or loss is variable. With gambling, the outcome is all-or-nothing, and your wins and losses are fixed. 

7. Availability
Self-directed trading platforms are easy to access, as most trading platforms are supported by web browsers and iOS or Android devices. Traders can essentially trade from anywhere with internet connectivity. In New Zealand, the Gambling Act 2003 prohibits remote interactive gambling, meaning you can’t gamble online while you can trade online.

Investing vs Trading vs Gambling

Our Conclusion

Being impulsive or treating a trading platform like a computer game where you directionlessly click to open and close positions is tantamount to gambling and rarely ends well.

Whether trading or investing, having clear strategies and objectives is essential. It is good practice to write these out and keep them as a defined list of rules to follow while trading to prevent going off course and into gambling territory. 

If you find yourself behaving irrationally and feel the compulsion to trade without having a clear direction, it could be the hallmark of addictive behaviour. In which case, you should seek expert guidance to understand these compulsions better before they manifest into something more serious. 

If you feel like your trading is turning into gambling, there are several services available to help you, such as:
  • Problem Gambling Foundation of New Zealand
  • Gambling Helpline run by New Zealand Telehealth Services
  • The Ministry of Health

Investing vs Trading vs Gambling

Frequently Asked Questions

How can I learn more about trading psychology?

Trading psychology is a topic covered by most financial blogs, but the coverage is usually superficial. To get a deep understanding of trading psychology and prevent yourself from falling into the trap of gambling, several established authors are worth exploring. We recommend the following books:

  • Market Mind Games: A Radical Psychology of Investing, Trading and Risk by Denise Shull
  • High-Performance Trading: 35 Practical Strategies and Techniques to Enhance Your Trading Psychology and Performance by Steve Ward
  • The Disciplined Trader: Developing Winning Attitudes by Mark Douglas

Is forex trading gambling?

Forex trading is not gambling. The forex market is a necessary function of the global financial markets. Traders have learnt how the market behaves and use that knowledge to profit from price movements by buying and selling various currencies. Trading attracts more participants to the market and therefore improves efficiency and liquidity, resulting in a more competitive environment. 

Just because forex trading isn’t gambling doesn’t mean you can’t trade like a gambler. Any investment can be considered a gamble if you go into a deal without rational justification that it will be a profitable transaction. Aimlessly opening and closing forex trades is essentially gambling and certainly reckless.

Are cryptocurrencies gambling?

Owning cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin isn’t gambling, providing you can justify why you have invested. However, buying unproven ICOs or tokens without conducting any research because you hope there is a chance the price might explode by thousands of per cent is gambling.

Is binary options gambling?

Binary options have rightfully earned a very bad reputation in the online trading industry. Once, retail-focused forex brokers offered binary options as an easy way to speculate on financial markets. Binary options have more in common with gambling than trading because they have a fixed-return all-or-nothing outcome. When trading binary options, you simply predict whether the price will be higher or lower when the contract expires, which can be as short as 60-seconds. 

If you feel like you or someone you know may have had their trading is turning into gambling, there are several services available to help you, such as:
  • Problem Gambling Foundation of New Zealand
  • Gambling Helpline run by New Zealand Telehealth Services
  • The Ministry of Health
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  • Banking & Savings
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  • KiwiSaver
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  • Travel Insurance
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  • Mobile & SIM
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  • Power
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  • Essential Money Tips
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    • Money & Relationships
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    • Valuable Insights
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  • Financial Independence
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    • Health & Personal Care
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  • Trade Services
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