MoneyHub NZ
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  • Investing
    • Investing Platforms
      • Reviews
        • Sharesies Review
        • Hatch Review
        • Stake Review
          • Stake Black Review
        • Tiger Brokers (NZ) Review
        • Superhero Review
        • BlackBull Markets Share Trading Platform Review
        • ASB Securities Review
        • Invest Direct Review
        • InvestNow Review
        • Kernel Review
        • Kernel Shares & ETF Investing Review
        • Interactive Brokers
        • Smart Review
        • Catalist Review
      • Comparisons
        • Sharesies vs Hatch vs Stake
        • Kernel vs Smart
        • Hatch vs Stake
        • Hatch vs Tiger Brokers
        • Sharesies vs Tiger Brokers
        • Stake vs Tiger Brokers
        • Comparing Sharesies vs Investnow vs Hatch vs Invest Direct and more
        • Best Investment Apps
        • How Do I Start Investing?
        • Virtual Stocks and Shares Trading Games
      • Guides
        • How to Invest in Shares
        • Investing 101
        • Investing in Vanguard Funds from New Zealand
        • Investing in the US Stock Market from New Zealand
          • How To Buy Tesla Shares
          • How To Buy Apple Shares
          • How To Buy Amazon Shares
          • How To Buy Alphabet Shares
          • How To Buy Netflix Shares
          • How To Buy Microsoft Shares
          • How To Buy Meta Shares
        • US Extended Hours Trading Explained
        • What Happens If Your Investing Platform Shuts Down?
        • Fractional Shares
        • Transferring Share Portfolios
        • How to Read and Understand a Share Chart
        • NZX in a Nutshell
        • Investing in the ASX from New Zealand
        • Investing in Asian Markets from New Zealand
        • Understand Gross vs Net
        • How to Attend the 2026 Berkshire Hathaway Annual Shareholders Meeting
    • Introduction to Investing
      • Guides
        • Index Funds
        • ETFs (Exchange Traded Funds)
        • Cash Funds
        • Index Funds vs ETFs
        • 10 Ways to Invest in New Zealand
        • Compound Interest Explained
        • How to Invest Regularly
        • Passive Investing vs Active Investing
        • Investments You Can Own Forever
        • Investing Mistakes
        • Investing in the S&P 500 from New Zealand
        • Best Retirement Income Products in New Zealand
        • Shares vs ETFs
        • Shares vs Property Investment
        • Dollar Cost Averaging Guide
        • Margin Lending and Loans Explained
        • Borrowing to Invest in Property, Shares or Funds
        • Passive Income Strategies
        • How Wealthy New Zealanders Invest Their Money
        • The Best Way to Invest Inheritance or a Windfall
        • Barefoot Investor-Friendly Financial Products in New Zealand
        • Investment Terms Glossary
        • IPOs
        • Investing in Dividend Shares
        • Common Shareholder Numbers in New Zealand
        • Shorting a Stock
        • Investing vs Trading vs Gambling
        • Investment Strategies for the Time-Poor
        • Advanced Trading Concepts
        • New and Emerging Investment Opportunities and Trends
      • Young People and Investing
        • Investing for Kids
        • Investing For Grandchildren
        • 10 Top Investments for Young New Zealanders
        • Sharesies Kids Accounts Review
        • SquareOne Review
        • Dosh Review
      • Investing Calculators
        • Term Deposit Calculator
        • Compound Interest Calculator
        • Investment Calculator
        • Savings Calculator
        • Net Worth Calculator
        • Million Dollar Calculator
    • Managed Funds, Tax & DIY Investing
      • Guides
        • Managed Funds
          • Pie Funds Management Review
          • Booster Private Land and Property Fund Review
          • AMP Managed Funds Review
        • Our Favourite Managed Funds
        • Advisers
          • Financial Advisers Overview
          • DIY Investing vs Investment Brokerage Firms vs Financial Advisors
          • Financial Advisers Auckland
          • Financial Advisers Hamilton
          • Financial Advisers Tauranga
          • Financial Advisers Napier & Hastings
          • Financial Advisers Palmerston North
          • Financial Advisers Wellington
          • Financial Advisers Lower Hutt & Hutt Valley
          • Financial Advisers Nelson & Tasman
          • Financial Advisers Christchurch
          • Financial Advisers Dunedin
          • Lighthouse Financial Services Review
        • Bank Credit Ratings
        • Tax on Investments and Savings
        • Capital Gains Tax
        • Bright-Line Test
        • Ethical Investing
        • Best ESG Funds
        • Asset Allocations to Build Wealth
        • Managing Offshore Investments for Returning New Zealanders and Migrants
        • How to Buy and Sell Bonds
        • Buying NZ Corporate Bonds
        • Trading in a Nutshell
        • Peer to Peer Lending
        • Crowdfunding Guide
        • REITs Guide
        • Jasper Review
        • Investing & Personal Finance Podcasts
        • Emergency Funds
        • UK Pension Transfer to New Zealand
        • Returning to the UK from NZ
        • Spending Your Savings in Retirement
        • How to Take Income from Investments
        • What Am I Entitled to If My UK Pension Scheme or Provider Makes a Mistake?
        • Investment Scams
        • Investing in Recession-Proof Sectors and Asset Classes During a Downturn
        • Hedging Investments
        • Top Personal Finance Books for New Zealanders
        • Top Ten Personal Finance Resources
      • Reviews
        • Simplicity Investment Funds Review
        • Lending Crowd Review
        • Squirrel Review
        • Sharesight Review
        • Lifetime Retirement Income
        • New Zealand Financial Markets Authority (FMA)
      • Calculators
        • Managed Funds Fee Calculator
        • Basis Points Calculator
        • Inflation Calculator
        • Retirement Calculator New Zealand
    • Alternative Investments and Trading
      • Reviews
        • BlackBull Markets Review
        • CMC Markets Review
        • Plus500 Review
        • IG Review
        • TMGM Review
        • CMC Markets vs Plus500 vs IG Markets vs BlackBull Markets
      • Guides
        • How to Invest in Gold
        • How to Invest in Silver
        • Forex Trading Guide
          • Forex Trading Platforms Comparison
          • Forex Trading Tools
          • Forex Trading Courses and Education
          • Forex Regulation
        • Options Trading
        • Contracts for Difference (CFDs) Guide
        • Futures Trading
        • Commodities Trading
        • Copy Trading
      • Cryptocurrency
        • Reviews
          • Easy Crypto Review
          • Swyftx Review
          • Binance Review
          • Easy Crypto vs Swyftx
          • NZDD Review
          • Independent Reserve Review
          • eToro Review
          • Coinbase Review
          • Kiwi-Coin Bitcoin Exchange Review
          • Vault International Bitcoin Fund Review
        • Guides
          • How to Buy Bitcoin in New Zealand
          • Beginner's Guide to Bitcoin and Blockchain
          • Stablecoins
          • Guide to NFTs
          • Bitcoin Wallet Guide
          • Bitcoin Mining
          • How to Sell Bitcoin
          • Bitcoin and Crypto Scams
          • Initial Coin Offerings
          • A Beginner’s Guide to Investing in Cryptocurrencies
          • Decentralised Finance
          • Bitcoin in New Zealand
          • New Zealand Bitcoin Exchanges
          • How to Buy Ethereum in New Zealand
          • Other Coins
            • How to Buy Ripple in New Zealand
            • How to Buy Cardano in New Zealand
            • How to Buy Dogecoin in New Zealand
            • How to Buy Litecoin in New Zealand
            • How to Buy Polkadot in New Zealand
  • Loans & Finance
    • Car Finance
      • Car Finance Calculator
      • Electric Vehicle Loans
      • How to Refinance Your Car Loan
      • Car Loan Refinance Calculator
      • Car Dealership Finance vs Alternatives
      • Motorcycle and Moped Loans
      • Motorcycle and Moped Loan Calculator
      • Asset Finance
      • Asset Finance Repayment Calculator
      • Business Vehicle Loans
      • Bad Credit Car Loans
      • Car Loan Brokers vs Direct Car Finance
      • Car Loan Amortisation Calculator
      • Car Finance Company Reviews
        • Simplify Loans Review
        • Toyota Finance Review
        • Mazda Finance Review
        • MTF Finance Review
        • AA Money Review
        • Better Finance Review
        • Kiwi Car Loans Review
        • Lending People Review
        • Driva Car Loans Review
      • Car Finance Must-Knows Guides
        • Buying a Car Loan vs Personal Loan?
        • Car Loans and Collateral
        • Car Loan Guarantors
        • How to Save for a Car
        • Paying Cash for a Car vs Car Finance
        • Balloon Payments
        • Boat Financing Calculator
      • Car Finance Add-On Insurance Guides
        • GAP (Guaranteed Asset Protection Insurance) Insurance
        • Compare Mechanical Breakdown Insurance
        • PPI (Payment Protection Insurance)
    • Personal Loans
      • Debt Consolidation Loans
      • Secured Loans
      • Green Loans
      • Home Renovation Loans
      • Online Loans
      • Bad Credit Loans
      • Beneficiary Loans
      • Payday Loans
      • Cash Advance
      • Same Day Loans
      • Low Income Loans
      • Personal Loan Calculator
      • Debt Consolidation Calculator
      • The Dangers of Debt Consolidation
      • Refinance Personal Loan Calculator
      • Home Renovation Loan Calculator
      • Interest Calculator
      • Harmoney Loans Review
      • Money Sweetspot Review
      • Nectar Review
      • Avanti Finance Review
      • Save My Bacon Review
    • Credit Scores & Interest Rates
      • Credit Scores and Credit Checks
      • How to Build Credit in New Zealand
      • How to Pay Down Debt Faster
      • Baycorp and Debt Collection
      • Interest Rates Guide
      • Interest Rate Comparison
      • Buy Now Pay Later Apps
        • Afterpay Review
        • Laybuy Review
        • Humm Review
        • Zip Review
  • Insurance
    • Compare Insurance
      • Compare Car Insurance
      • Car Insurance by Vehicle
        • Compare Toyota Aqua Insurance Costs
        • Compare Toyota Corolla Insurance Costs
        • Compare Toyota Hilux Insurance Costs
        • Compare Mazda2 and Demio Insurance Costs
        • Compare Ford Ranger Insurance Costs
        • Compare Nissan Navara Insurance Costs
        • Compare Subaru Legacy Insurance Costs
      • Reviews & Policy Comparisons
        • AMI vs AMP vs AA Insurance vs Cove vs State vs Tower vs Trade Me Insurance
        • Cove Car Insurance Review
        • Tower Car Insurance Review
        • Young Driver Car Insurance
        • Trade Me Car Insurance Review
        • Caravan Insurance
      • Car Insurance Guides
        • Third Party Car Insurance
        • How to Get Cheaper Car Insurance
        • Car Insurance Calculator
        • No Claims Bonuses Explained
        • Car Insurance Excess Explained
        • Cheapest Cars to Insure
        • Modifications that Make a Car Uninsurable
        • Car Insurers Directory
        • Car Insurance Glossary
        • Most Stolen Cars
    • Home, Contents and Other Insurance
      • House Insurance
      • House Insurance Calculator
      • Best Holiday Home and Airbnb Insurance Policies
      • Difficult to Insure Areas
      • Sum Insured Explained
      • Is Your Home an Insurance Risk?
      • Average Cost of Car, House, and Contents Insurance
      • Insuring Old Houses
      • Contents Insurance
      • Home and Contents Insurance
      • Renters' Insurance
      • Landlord Insurance
      • Dental Insurance and Dentist Plans
      • Phone Insurance
      • Insurance Excess
      • Insurance Company Financial Strength Ratings
      • Motorbike Insurance
      • Initio Review
      • Insurance Brokers
        • Trusted Insurance Brokers in Wellington
        • Trusted Insurance Brokers in Christchurch
    • Compare Pet Insurance
      • Is Pet Insurance Worth Buying?
      • Cat and Dog Desexing
      • Getting a Kitten
      • Buying a Puppy
      • Pet Euthanasia
      • Vet Costs in New Zealand
      • Dog Vaccination Schedule and Costs
      • Costs of Owning a Cat
      • Costs of Owning a Dog
    • Students Insurance
    • Life & Health Insurance
      • Life Insurance
        • Life Insurance Policy Comparison - Cigna vs AIA vs Asteron Life vs Fidelity vs Westpac vs Partners Life
        • Stepped vs Level Life Insurance
        • Life Insurance Calculator
        • Pre-Existing Medical Conditions
        • Buying Life Insurance Direct vs Using an Insurance Broker
        • Life Insurance Policies - Features and Questions to Ask
        • When To Cancel Or Change a Life Insurance Policy
        • Life Insurance For Smokers and Vapers
      • Health Insurance
        • Going to Australia for Medical Treatment
        • BMI Calculator New Zealand
      • Income Protection Insurance
        • ACC vs Income Protection Insurance
        • Income Protection Insurance for Self Employed
      • Mortgage Insurance
      • Trauma Insurance
      • Redundancy Insurance
      • Funeral Insurance
        • What to Do When a Spouse or Partner Dies
        • Funeral Costs
  • Credit Cards
    • Best Credit Cards
    • Rewards and Cashback Credit Cards
    • Credit Cards That Earn Business Class Flights
    • The Best American Express Credit Cards
    • Air New Zealand Airpoints Credit Cards
      • Kiwibank Airpoints Cards Ending – Best Replacement Options
      • ANZ vs AMEX vs Westpac Platinum Airpoints Credit Cards
      • ANZ Airpoints Visa Platinum vs AMEX Airpoints Platinum
      • Kiwibank Airpoints Platinum Visa vs AMEX Airpoints Platinum
      • Westpac Airpoints Platinum Mastercard vs AMEX Airpoints Platinum
    • Balance Transfer Credit Cards
    • Platinum and Gold Credit Cards
    • Frequent Flyer Credit Cards
    • Travel Credit Cards
    • Interest Free Credit Cards
    • Virtual Debit and Credit Cards
    • Credit Cards That Provide Travel Insurance
    • Reviews
      • American Express Credit Cards Review
        • American Express Airpoints Platinum Review
        • American Express Gold Rewards Card Review
        • American Express Gold Business Card Review
        • AMEX Comparison - Airpoints Platinum vs Gold Rewards
        • Where is AMEX Accepted?
        • American Express Free Card vs Airpoints Platinum
        • American Express Platinum Card Review
        • American Express Membership Rewards Program Review
        • AMEX Cardholder Feedback
        • Valuing AMEX Membership Rewards Points
        • AMEX Dining Collection Program Review
        • The Best Ways to Spend AMEX Membership Rewards Points
        • Qantas Credit Cards
        • Qatar Airways Credit Cards
        • Singapore Airlines KrisFlyer Credit Cards
        • Cathay Pacific Asia Miles Credit Cards
        • Emirates Skywards Credit Cards
        • RewardPay Review
      • Flight Centre Mastercard Review
    • Guides
      • Pay Off Credit Card Debt
      • Credit Card Basics
      • Mastercard vs Visa
      • Credit Card Minimum Payments Explained
      • Credit Card Interest Calculator
      • Credit Card Debt Amortisation Calculator
      • How to Request a Credit Card Chargeback
    • Other Credit Cards
      • Best Foreign Currency Debit & Credit Cards
      • Free Credit Cards
      • Low Interest Credit Cards
      • Credit Cards for Bad Credit
      • Q Card & Q Mastercard Review
      • GEM Visa Review
      • Onecard Visa Review
      • Purple Visa Review
  • Travel Money Cards
    • Travel Money Card Reviews and Comparisons
      • Wise Debit Card Review
      • Revolut Review
      • Revolut vs Wise - Which Is Better?
      • Travelex Money Card vs Wise Debit Card Comparison
      • OneSmart Card vs Wise Debit Card Comparison
      • Cash Passport vs Wise Debit Card Comparison
    • Travel Money By Country
      • Top Travel Destinations Where the NZD is Strong Right Now
      • Australia Travel Money
      • Bali Travel Money
      • Canada Travel Money
      • Europe Travel Money
      • Fiji Travel Money
      • Japan Travel Money
      • Rarotonga Travel Money
      • Singapore Travel Money
      • Thailand Travel Money
      • USA Travel Money
      • UK Travel Money
      • United Arab Emirates Travel Money
  • Banking & Savings
    • Banking
      • Best Bank Accounts
      • Best Debit Cards
      • Best Joint Bank Accounts
      • Kids Bank Accounts
      • Cut Overdraft Costs
      • Private Banking
      • Open an Australian Bank Account from New Zealand
      • Open a UK Bank Account from New Zealand
    • Savings
      • Best Term Deposits
      • Best Notice Saver Accounts
      • Booster Savvy Review
      • Booster Savvy Analytics Review
      • Best PIE Term Deposits
      • Best Call Accounts
      • Best Savings Accounts
      • Term Deposit Alternatives
    • Guides and Resources
      • Banks vs Credit Unions
      • Open Banking Explained
      • NZ Bank Prefix Codes
    • Reviews
      • Wise Money Transfer Review
      • Heartland Bank Review
      • First Credit Union Review
      • NZCU Baywide Review
      • The Co-operative Bank NZ Review
      • Western Union Review
  • Mortgages
    • Mortgage Essentials
      • Best Home Loans
      • Mortgage Calculator
      • Interest Rate Predictions 2025
      • How Much Can I Borrow?
      • Debt to Income Ratios
      • Equity (and Leverage) Calculator
      • Mortgage Repayment Calculator
      • Mortgage Options
      • Mortgage Cashback
    • Other Mortgage Options
      • Interest-Only Mortgages Guide
      • Interest-Only Mortgage Calculator
      • Revolving Credit Mortgages
      • Offset Mortgages
      • Offset Mortgage Calculator
      • Fixed vs Floating Mortgage Rate Calculator
      • Understanding Interest Rate Swaps
      • What is the OCR?
    • Alternative Mortgage Options
      • Low-Deposit Home Loans
      • Rent to Own Homes
      • First Home Loan Guide
      • Reverse Mortgages
      • Lifetime Home Review
    • Mortgage Management
      • Saving for a House Deposit
      • Saving for a House Deposit as a Young Professional
      • Buying a Home with Family and Friends
      • Pay Off Your Mortgage Faster
      • Mortgage Overpayment Calculator
      • What To Do if You Bought a House at the Peak of the New Zealand Market
      • Tips for Seniors Renting or Paying Down a Mortgage
      • Remortgaging Guide
      • Mortgage Relief and Holidays
      • Amortisation Calculator
      • Mortgage Break Fees
      • Defaulting on a Mortgage
      • High Deposit Mortgages
      • Negative Equity
      • How to Manage Higher Mortgage Payments
      • Mortgage Refinance Calculator
    • Mortgage Brokers
      • Mortgage Brokers Explained
      • Trusted Auckland Mortgage Brokers
      • Trusted Hamilton Mortgage Brokers
      • Trusted Mortgage Brokers in Tauranga
      • Trusted Mortgage Brokers in Napier and Hastings
      • Trusted Mortgage Brokers in Wellington
      • Trusted Mortgage Brokers on the Kapiti Coast
      • Trusted Mortgage Brokers in Christchurch
      • LifeDirect Mortgages Review
    • Buying a Home
      • First Home Buyers Checklist
      • Home Buying Glossary
      • Best House Price & Valuation Websites in New Zealand
      • New Zealand Property Types
      • Rateable Value vs Market Value
      • Leasehold Property Guide
      • Conveyancing vs Lawyers
      • Buying an Apartment in New Zealand
      • Buying vs Renting a House
    • Selling a Home
      • How to Sell Your House Privately
      • Real Estate Agent Fees
      • Bridging Finance
    • Property Investment
      • Investment Property Mortgages
      • 20 Property Investment Risks You Can't Ignore
      • Renting Directly to Tenants vs Using an Agent
      • Interest Deductibility Changes
    • Building a House
      • NZCB Review
      • Average Building Cost Per Square Metre
      • Cost to Build a New House
      • Buying Land to Build a House
      • Construction Loans
      • Tiny Homes in New Zealand
  • KiwiSaver
    • KiwiSaver Basics
      • Our Favourite KiwiSaver Funds
      • Best Performing KiwiSaver Funds
      • Milford vs ANZ KiwiSaver Growth Funds Comparison
      • Free $500+ Government Money for KiwiSaver
      • Is KiwiSaver Safe?
      • Choosing a KiwiSaver Fund
      • How Aggressive Should KiwiSaver Be
      • Choosing Your KiwiSaver Scheme
      • Balanced vs Moderate vs Growth KiwiSaver Funds - What is right for me?
      • KiwiSaver Must-Know Facts
      • Opting out of KiwiSaver
      • What Do I Do With My KiwiSaver When I Retire?
      • KiwiSaver Withdrawal
      • Merging KiwiSaver and Australian Super Balances
      • Switching KiwiSaver Funds
      • KiwiSaver Robo and Digital Advice Tools
      • Ethical Kiwisaver Funds
      • KiwiSaver Private Equity Investments
    • KiwiSaver Contributions & Tax
      • Your KiwiSaver Contributions
      • KiwiSaver Contributions - Gross or Net?
      • Employer KiwiSaver Contributions
      • Government KiwiSaver Contributions
      • KiwiSaver Savings Suspensions
      • Voluntary Contributions
      • What's My PIR?
      • KiwiSaver and Tax
    • KiwiSaver for Life Events and Specific Situations
      • Average KiwiSaver Balance by Age
      • KiwiSaver First-Home Withdrawal
      • KiwiSaver First Home Grant Guide
      • KiwiSaver Hardship Applications
      • KiwiSaver in a Divorce or Separation
      • KiwiSaver for Kids
    • KiwiSaver Schemes
      • Amanah KiwiSaver Scheme
      • AMP KiwiSaver Scheme
      • ANZ KiwiSaver Scheme
      • ASB KiwiSaver Scheme
      • AON KiwiSaver Scheme
      • BNZ KiwiSaver Scheme
      • Booster KiwiSaver Scheme
      • Fisher Funds KiwiSaver Scheme
      • Generate KiwiSaver Scheme
      • InvestNow KiwiSaver Scheme
      • Pie KiwiSaver Scheme Review
      • Kernel KiwiSaver Review
      • Kernel KiwiSaver Plan vs Superlife KiwiSaver Scheme
      • Kiwi Wealth KiwiSaver Scheme
      • kōura Wealth KiwiSaver Review
      • SBS Wealth KiwiSaver Scheme Review
      • MAS KiwiSaver Scheme
        • MAS Review
      • Mercer KiwiSaver Scheme
      • Milford KiwiSaver Plan
      • New Zealand Defence Force KiwiSaver Scheme
      • GoalsGetter KiwiSaver Scheme
      • Pathfinder KiwiSaver Review
      • QuayStreet KiwiSaver Scheme
      • Simplicity KiwiSaver Review
      • Summer KiwiSaver Scheme
      • SuperLife Review
      • Westpac KiwiSaver Scheme
    • KiwiSaver Calculators
      • KiwiSaver Calculator
      • KiwiSaver Returns Calculator
  • Business
    • Compare Business Loans
      • Business Line of Credit
      • Business Borrowing Options
      • Small Business Loans
      • Operating Leases
      • Finance Leases
      • Operating Leases vs Financing Leases
      • Car Loan Repayment Calculator
      • Prospa Business Loans Review
      • Bizcap Business Loans Review
      • Taxi (Business Funding) Review
    • Business Insurance
      • Public Liability Insurance
      • Professional Indemnity Insurance
      • Business Interruption Insurance
    • Wise Business Account Review
    • Business Credit Cards
    • Business Essentials
      • Money Saving Tips For Businesses
      • Get Debtors to Pay Overdue Invoices
      • Working Capital
      • Liquidations and Receiverships
      • Can't Make Payroll Guide
      • Buying out a Business Partner
      • Business Brokers
    • PAYE & Taxes
      • PAYE Calculator
      • PAYE Tax Rates 2025 & 2026
      • Minimum Wage
      • Tax Codes in New Zealand
    • Business Calculators & Resources
      • GST Calculator
      • GST Due Dates 2025
      • Business Loan Calculator
      • ROI Calculator
      • IRR Calculator
      • Internal Rate of Return
      • Percent Off Calculator
      • Profit Margin Calculator
      • Current Ratio Calculator
      • Quick Ratio Calculator
    • Online Services
      • Domain Names
      • Trusted Web Designers
        • Auckland Web Designers
        • Hamilton Web Designers
        • Wellington Web Designers
        • Christchurch Web Designers
        • Tauranga Web Designers
        • Lower Hutt Web Designers
        • Dunedin Web Designers
      • Digital Identity Programs and Online Verification Tools
      • Trusted Auckland SEO Companies
      • Social Media Influencer Marketing
      • PayPal NZ Account Fees
      • Paypal vs Stripe Review
      • Hnry Review
      • n3 Trade Card Review
      • Plain English Awards
      • Retail Security Options and Costs
    • For Startups
      • How to Start a Business in New Zealand
      • Raising Capital
      • Product Market Fit
      • Crowdfunding vs Bank Financing
      • Blackbird vs Movac
      • How to Become an Angel Investor
      • How to Raise Money from Angel Investors
      • Alternatives to VC Funding
      • Hiring for a Startup
      • VCFO (Virtual CFO)
      • New Zealand Startup and Founder Incubators
      • Expanding Offshore
      • New Zealand Invoice Template
      • Business Podcasts
  • MSD
    • Navigating Work and Income Benefits
    • Jobseeker Support Benefit Rates 2025 and 2026
    • Jobseeker Support Guide
    • Accommodation Supplement Guide
    • SuperGold Card Review
    • Disability Allowance
    • MyMSD
    • Community Services Card
    • Hardship Assistance - Urgent Costs and Living Expense Assistance
    • Loans for Unemployed
    • Working for Families Guide
    • Childcare Subsidies in New Zealand
    • Super Rates 2025 and 2026
    • NZ Superannuation in a Nutshell
    • Government Departments Helping New Zealanders Directly
    • Food Grants Guide
    • Food Banks Directory
      • Food Banks Auckland
      • Food Banks Northland
      • Food Banks Hamilton Waikato
      • Food Banks Wellington
      • Food Banks Christchurch
  • Motoring
    • Buying and Selling a Car
      • Car Valuations
      • Buying a Used Car
      • Selling a Car
      • Turners Cars Review
      • CarJam Review
      • CarJam vs MotorWeb Car Report Comparison
      • Top Cars that Hold Their Value
      • Vehicle Leasing
      • Car Registration in New Zealand
      • The Women's Guide to Buying a Car
    • Car Dealerships Explained
    • Everyday Driving
      • Costs of Owning a Car
      • 20 Ways to Make Driving Cheaper
      • Gaspy App Review
      • Parking Tickets
      • AA Membership Review
      • Best Car Batteries
      • Best Electric Cars
      • Buyer’s Guide for the 2023 Toyota Hilux
      • Buyer’s Guide for the 2023 Toyota RAV4
      • Buyer’s Guide for the 2023 Ford Ranger
    • Warrant of Fitness
      • Guide to Warrant of Fitness
      • Warrant of Fitness Auckland
      • Warrant of Fitness Hamilton
      • Warrant of Fitness Tauranga
      • Warrant of Fitness Lower Hutt
      • Warrant of Fitness Wellington
      • Warrant of Fitness Christchurch
      • Warrant of Fitness Dunedin
  • Law
    • Wills Guide
    • Separation Agreements
    • Prenuptial Agreements
    • Divorce Guide
    • Trusts Guide
    • Enduring Power of Attorney Guide
    • Living Wills Guide
    • Probate
    • Agreeable Review
    • Footprint Online Wills Review
    • Perpetual Guardian
  • Travel
    • Moving Overseas
      • Working Holiday Visas
      • Working Holiday Visas for 30+ Year-Old New Zealanders
      • Moving to Australia
      • Moving to London
    • Air New Zealand Specific
      • Air NZ Upgrade Guide
      • How to Redeem Air New Zealand Airpoints Dollars
      • Fastest Way To Earn Air NZ Status Points
      • Air New Zealand Koru Membership Review
      • Airpoints Flexipay Guide
      • Air New Zealand Travel Tips
      • Air New Zealand Refunds & Credits
    • Lounges, Upgrades, Car Hire & More
      • How to Get Access to Airport Lounges
      • Air New Zealand Skycouch Review
      • No Nonsense Upgrade Guide
      • Car Rental Hire
      • Auckland Airport Car Parking
    • Best of New Zealand
      • Auckland Travel for Less
      • 100+ Free Things to do in Auckland
      • Queenstown Like a Local
    • Hotels & Dining
      • Accor Plus Review
      • First Table Guide
      • Hotel Booking Sites Compared
    • Foreign Currency Exchange
      • Currency Converter
      • Australian Dollars Exchange Rate
      • American Dollars Exchange Rate
      • British Pound Exchange Rate
      • Canadian Dollars Exchange Rate
      • Euro Exchange Rate
      • Fijian Dollars Exchange Rate
      • Hong Kong Dollar Exchange Rate
      • Korean Won Exchange Rate
      • Indian Rupee Exchange Rate
      • Japanese Yen Exchange Rate
      • Malaysian Ringgit Exchange Rate
      • South African Rand Exchange Rate
      • Singapore Dollars Exchange Rate
      • Thai Baht Exchange Rate
      • Chinese Yuan Exchange Rate
  • Travel Insurance
    • Compare Travel Insurance
    • AMEX Airpoints Platinum Travel Insurance Review
    • Travel Insurance by Destination
      • Australia and the Pacifc
        • Australia Travel Insurance
        • Fiji Travel Insurance
        • Rarotonga Travel Insurance
      • Asia
        • Bali Travel Insurance
        • China Travel Insurance
        • India Travel Insurance
        • Japan Travel Insurance
        • Malaysia Travel Insurance
        • Singapore Travel Insurance
        • South Korea Travel Insurance
        • Thailand Travel Insurance
        • Vietnam Travel Insurance
      • Americas & Africa
        • Canada Travel Insurance
        • Peru Travel Insurance
        • South Africa Travel Insurance
        • USA Travel Insurance
      • Europe
        • France Travel Insurance
        • Greece Travel Insurance
        • Italy Travel Insurance
        • UK Travel Insurance
    • Specific Risk Cover
      • Do I Need Travel Insurance?
      • Pregnancy Travel Insurance
    • Travel Insurer Reviews
      • Southern Cross Travel Insurance Review
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  • Banking & Savings
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  • Essential Money Tips
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  • Trade Services
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Vault International Bitcoin Fund Review

We review the Vault International Bitcoin Fund (VIBF) in detail, looking at its fees, what it invests in, pros, cons, alternatives, public reaction and must-know facts. 
 Vault International Bitcoin Fund Review Review NZ
Updated 10 March 2025
Warning:
  1. By publishing this guide, we are not recommending or suggesting in any way or form that Bitcoin is a suitable investment.
  2. We published and routinely update this guide to help people decide what's best for them - MoneyHub is conservative and our publisher, Christopher Walsh, has zero Bitcoin investments. Bitcoin has proven to be highly volatile in 2021 and we strongly suggest reading this guidance from the FMA before making any investment. Like the FMA, MoneyHub is also cautious.
  3. We present this information in good faith and remain objective at all times. ​By including this guide under our Investing and Saving section, we are not advocating that cryptocurrency is an investment. We may earn a referral bonus for anyone that clicks on some of the below links - see our Advertising Policy for more details.

Summary of the Vault International Bitcoin Fund Review
  • The Vault International Bitcoin Fund (VIBF) launched in October 2021 and offers New Zealanders the ability to invest in Bitcoin via a fund (rather than holding coins directly through an exchange or platform).
  • The fund is the first of its kind in New Zealand, and is currently offered on investing platform InvestNow.
  • The annual fund fee of 2.50% may seem high, but investing in Bitcoin generally incurs higher fees than investing in shares - we explain the costs below in detail.
  • The fund is new and is relatively unproven, and it's important to keep in mind that the past performance of Bitcoin does not indicate future returns.

To help you understand the fund in detail, our guide covers:
  • Vault International Bitcoin Fund - Fees, Investment and Must-Know Facts
  • Pros, Cons and Risks of the Vault International Bitcoin Fund
  • Alternatives to the Vault International Bitcoin Fund
  • Vault in the Media
  • Frequently Asked Questions
  • Conclusion and Summary

MoneyHub Founder Christopher Walsh shares his views on investing in Bitcoin, Bitcoin ETFs and Bitcoin Funds:

"Bitcoin is a hot topic, but I am very cautious and have never invested personally. An interview I did with the New Zealand Herald explains my thoughts best, which I copy below as they continue to stand true and reflect the current market.

Bitcoin is highly volatile, meaning the price goes up and down all the time. It's not unusual to see it drop 10% in one week, fall further, then go up and down again. Years ago it was 1c, 10c, $300 and then it was up to $75,000. 

Investing in Bitcoin using a crypto platform is one option, but there are also ETFs and funds you can buy directly. The Vault International Bitcoin Fund is the first (and only) New Zealand-registered fund investing in Bitcoin assets. If you want exposure to Bitcoin but don't want to hold any in a wallet or buy into a Bitcoin ETF (which means a USD or CAD investment), Vault gives you an NZD-denominated fund.

Whatever you decide to do, the FMA and I want to make it clear that you should never invest more than you can afford to lose. And based on its history, the daily price will be highly volatile.
Christopher Walsh MoneyHub Founder
Christopher Walsh
MoneyHub Founder


 Vault International Bitcoin Fund Review Review NZ

Vault International Bitcoin Fund - Fees, Investment and Must-Know Facts

Vault clearly sets out the fees and terms of investing on its website. Specifically:
  1. Fees: 2.50% p.a. management fee, plus a 0.25% buy/sell fee (known as the "spread"). 
  2. Minimum investment: In the PDF, the proposed minimum initial investment for the Fund is $1,000. After that, the minimum additional investment is $500. However, using InvestNow, the amounts are lower - $250 and $50 respectively. 
  3. Withdrawing your money: Vault's policy is that you can withdraw all or some of your money from the Fund at any time. Payment will normally be made within five business days of receiving your redemption request.
  4. Top Holdings: The Vault International Bitcoin Fund (VIBF) invests in four underlying funds and ETFs - the Grayscale Bitcoin Trust, CI Galaxy Bitcoin ETF, 3IQ Coinshares Bitcoin ETF and the Purpose Bitcoin ETF.
  5. Investment Company and Fund Management: Vault Digital Funds Limited was founded in 2021 in conjunction with Easy Crypto. It is a privately owned company - Vault Digital Funds Limited (8163039) - and is owned by interests associated with Janine Grainger (the founder of Easy Crypto) and Vinnie Gardiner (the founder of Vault). The fund is managed by Implemented Investment Solutions, which currently oversees $5 billion worth of assets for local and international investment firms, and is related to InvestNow.
  6. Tax: The Vault International Bitcoin Fund is structured as a PIE fund, meaning there are tax advantages. The PIE tax rates, known as the Prescribed Investment Rates (10.50%, 17.50% and 28%) depend on what the investor's annual income is. No tax is charged on capital gains the fund makes under the Fair Dividend Rate (FDR) tax rules. Our tax on investments guide has more details. In summary, Under the FDR method, dividends and capital gains are not taxed separately. So if you owned NZD $10,000 of VIBF, you must pay a tax of $140 (5% of $10,000 X 28% maximum PIR) even if the price of Bitcoin doubled. However, you're also charged if it falls.
  7. Investment Platforms: The fund is only available on InvestNow. It is not available directly with Vault. Vault claims it plans to make the fund available on Easy Crypto.
Bitcoin Funds

Understanding the Underlying Investments - Grayscale Bitcoin Trust (US) and CI Galaxy Bitcoin ETF, 3IQ Coinshares Bitcoin ETFs (Canada)

The Vault fund invests in four publically traded funds, all of which focus on Bitcoin assets. We have included the links of each fund below to help you understand the investment profile, and where, ultimately, Vault investment money ends up:
  • Grayscale Bitcoin Trust - listed in the US.
  • CI Galaxy Bitcoin ETF, 3IQ Coinshares Bitcoin ETF and Purpose Bitcoin ETF - listed in Canada.

 Vault International Bitcoin Fund Review Review NZ

Pros, Cons and Risks of the Vault International Bitcoin Fund

Pros:
  • The investment is held in NZD - you invest in NZD, which means you know the value of your investment.
  • The fund has a diverse investment mix - The Fund invests in popular ETFs that have a track record of following the Bitcoin price.
  • It's easy to invest in using InvestNow. Conversely, it is difficult to purchase the underlying fund and ETFs. The three Bitcoin ETFs Vault invests in are listed in Canada, and few New Zealand-available investing platforms offer Canadian investments. This leaves only Interactive Brokers as the only way to purchase the ETFs directly from New Zealand. 
  • Tax effectiveness - As a PIE taxed under FDR rules, there is no capital gains tax, and for higher earners, there is a tax saving on returns.
  • Buying Bitcoin is cost-effective with the fund - Vault's buy/sell fee takes care of the foreign exchange fees, brokerage fees and network fees, all of which add up and will exceed 1% using most crypto exchanges and platforms.

Cons:
  • The fees are high for a fund (but they're not unusual for a Bitcoin-related fund) - The fees are 2.50% p.a. on your investment plus a 0.25% buy/sell fee. It may be cheaper to invest in a Bitcoin ETF directly, but you will also pay foreign exchange fees, and many platforms like Hatch, Stake and Sharesies don't offer Bitcoin ETFs. Instead, you'll need to open up an account with Interactive Brokers to purchase a Bitcoin-based ETF. 
  • Bitcoin is high risk - the price volatility applies to any Bitcoin investment, not just the Vault fund. We include this point to put emphasis on the risk.

Risks
Bitcoin is very risky; we highlight significant risks to be aware of:
  1. Bitcoin prices - Bitcoin is highly volatile, and while the long-term returns have been strong, you may lose some (or even all) of the value of your investment if the price collapses.
  2. Currency risk - The fund underlying assets are not hedged to NZ dollars. The value of fund assets will fluctuate as FX rates change (NZD/USD/BTC
    and NZD/CAD/BTC), in the same manner as if an investor bought Bitcoin directly with NZ dollars (NZD/BTC).
  3. Security risk - Unlike investments in shares or property, Bitcoin is untraceable and digital. This means that it is prone to hacking and theft. For this reason, and despite the utmost security protection provided by the underlying funds and custodians of the Bitcoin, there is always a risk of theft.

How risky is the Vault International Bitcoin Fund?

Vault makes this clear in their PDS - "(the Vault International Bitcoin Fund) is a highly speculative investment", adding that "Bitcoin is a highly volatile asset" and that "this means the Fund will not be appropriate for all investors". Its risk indicator, presented on a scale from 1 (lower risk) to 7 (higher risk), is 7, which indicates the risk. 

In summary, this fund is one of the riskiest available in New Zealand given its underlying investment into Bitcoin. There's no diversification - it's all Bitcoin-related. For this reason alone, we suggest considering carefully how much you want to invest, given that past returns of Bitcoin (up over 7,000% in the five years to November 2021)
are no guarantee of future performance.

How long should I invest in the fund?

Vault makes it clear that this is a long-term investment. It suggests a minimum investment timeframe of 10 years in its PDS.

 Vault International Bitcoin Fund Review Review NZ

Alternatives to the Vault International Bitcoin Fund

Beyond buying into the fund directly, there are three alternatives that offer exposure to Bitcoin, security and value for money (by way of fees):

1. Buy Bitcoin directly
  • It has never been easier or faster to purchase Bitcoin (or any other cryptocurrency).
  • Our guide to buying Bitcoin outlines all the options, including the popular New Zealand platform Easy Crypto. The benefit of buying Bitcoin directly is that you can buy or sell coins whenever you like, unlike the Vault fund or an ETF, which needs to happen during business hours. As the Bitcoin price is volatile, this can be a significant advantage.

2. Buying a Bitcoin Futures ETF 
  • If you don't want to hold Bitcoin but still want exposure to its price, many ETFs listed in the US offer such opportunities.
  • One example is the ProShares Bitcoin Strategy ETF, which doesn't buy actual Bitcoin. Instead, it buys futures contracts on Bitcoin. You can see the price of this ETF here (which launched in October 2021). However, such ETFs are not without their risks - this guide from Fool.com has further details.
  • In its simplest form, the value of a futures contract rises when the price of the commodity it represents increases. ProShares then sells the futures contract as it nears expiry.
  • Due to the nature of the futures proshares trades, there will likely be a return drag that will mean investors returns are lower than if they held bitcoin or an ETF that owned actual bitcoin (such as those purchased by VIBF).

3. Buying into a Bitcoin fund or ETF directly 
  • The Vault fund invests in the Grayscale Bitcoin Trust, the world's largest crypto fund (per this Financial Times article in November 2021).
  • The fund holds around 3.5% of the world's Bitcoin and is priced around 15% below the value of the Bitcoin that it holds. You can see its price history here.
  • The annual management fee (2%) is higher than low-fee Bitcoin ETFs that have recently launched in the US markets but lower than the Vault fund.
  • Grayscale Bitcoin Trust’s assets are stored in offline or “cold” storage with Coinbase Custody Trust Company, LLC, as Custodian, meaning there is a lower risk of fraud or hacking.

 Vault International Bitcoin Fund Review Review NZ

Vault in the Media

Vault launched in October 2021 - recent media quotes include:

  • "The Vault International Bitcoin Fund is the first of its type to be established in New Zealand".
  • "The Bitcoin Fund has a market capitalisation of about $1 million and would invest in international exchange-traded funds (ETFs) that hold positions in bitcoin".
  • "The fund would remove the tax requirements that come with direct bitcoin ownership (via) exposure through a PIE".
  • "The Bitcoin Fund had already partnered with retail trading platforms InvestNow and Easy Crypto, where units can be purchased by retail investors."
Source: Bitcoin fund aims to attract New Zealand investors, RNZ, 4 October 2021

  • "The Vault International Bitcoin Fund is the first to have its entire allocation invested in the asset class (Bitcoin)".
  • "(the fund) was not designed for people to attempt to time the market, but was instead recommended for those who had an investment plan of more than a decade".
  • “The biggest risk is how investors hold it and store it, what if you lose access to your wallet-keys? In a lot of ways accessing bitcoin through a fund like this is actually safer because it takes care of all the custody issues".
Source: NZ's first bitcoin-only investment fund launched, Stuff.co.nz, 4 October 2021

 Vault International Bitcoin Fund Review Review NZ

Frequently Asked Questions

If I buy into the fund, am I buying currency or an investment?

Bitcoin is designed to be a digital currency, but investing in a Bitcoin fund is, arguably, a speculation on the future price of Bitcoin. Therefore while your investment holds coins, you're investing with the belief that the price will go up and your investment will become more valuable.

Will movements in the NZD affect the value of my investment?

Yes - the fund is not hedged, meaning that if the NZD gets stronger against the price of Bitcoin staying the same, the investment will likely decrease in NZD value. However, Bitcoin is highly volatile and day-to-day foreign exchange movements will, arguably, be immaterial.

If the price crashes, can I sell instantly?

No - you can only sell your investment (or a portion of it) during market trading hours. This is different to holding Bitcoin directly online or offline, where you can sell it at a live price. Because of this, investing in the VIBF or a Bitcoin-related fund is arguably more suitable for the long term.

 Vault International Bitcoin Fund Review Review NZ

Conclusion and Summary

  • The fund may seem expensive, but investing in Bitcoin is expensive compared to the traditional index and actively-managed funds. 2.50% p.a. and one-off 0.25% when you buy or sell is in line with the fees charged by international Bitcoin funds and trading fees charged by Bitcoin platforms and exchanges. Please note that the 0.25% buy or sell fee is to the benefit of the Fund, not to Vault directly.
  • The advantage of the fund is that you don't need to hold Bitcoin in wallets - custody and security is taken care of for you.
  • Tax treatment is simpler given the fund is a PIE, which means there are no capital gains and lower tax rates for higher-income earners.
  • The fund, however, by nature is a long-term investment. This means that you won't be able to sell your investment instantly on the markets like you would be able to if you held Bitcoin directly.
  • Bitcoin is not an essential investment, and Vault's offering is one of many ways to get exposure should you make the decision to invest.

Related Guides
  • ​How to Buy Bitcoin in New Zealand
  • How to Sell Bitcoin
  • InvestNow Review
  • ​Binance Review
  • Bitcoin and Crypto Scams
  • Bitcoin Wallets
  • ​Joshua Wang YouTube Guide (buying Bitcoin in New Zealand)
  • FMA Crytocurrency Guidance (external site)
  • ​​​Beginner's Guide to Cryptocurrencies
  • Easy Crypto Review
  • New Zealand Bitcoin Exchanges​
  • ​Bitcoin in New Zealand
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  • Credit Cards
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        • Qantas Credit Cards
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  • Banking & Savings
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      • LifeDirect Mortgages Review
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  • KiwiSaver
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  • Travel Insurance
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  • Power
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  • Essential Money Tips
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    • Money & Relationships
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      • Guarantors - Loans and Mortgages
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    • Valuable Insights
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  • Financial Independence
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  • Life Essentials
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    • Shopping Resources
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      • Best Computer Desks
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      • Blinds, Curtains and Drapes Auckland
    • Health & Personal Care
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  • Trade Services
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