MoneyHub NZ
  • Search
  • Investing
    • Investing Platforms
      • Reviews
        • Sharesies Review
        • Hatch Review
        • Stake Review
        • Tiger Brokers (NZ) Review
        • Superhero Review
        • BlackBull Markets Share Trading Platform Review
        • ASB Securities Review
        • Jarden Direct Review
        • InvestNow Review
        • Kernel Review
        • Flint Wealth Review
        • Interactive Brokers
        • Smartshares Review
        • Catalist Review
      • Comparisons
        • Sharesies vs Hatch vs Stake
        • Hatch vs Stake
        • Hatch vs Tiger Brokers
        • Sharesies vs Tiger Brokers
        • Stake vs Tiger Brokers
        • Comparing Sharesies vs Investnow vs Hatch vs Jarden Direct and more
        • Best Investment Apps
        • How Do I Start Investing?
        • Virtual Stocks and Shares Trading Games
      • Guides
        • How to Invest in Shares
        • Investing in Vanguard Funds from New Zealand
        • Investing in the US Stock Market from New Zealand
          • How To Buy Tesla Shares
          • How To Buy Apple Shares
          • How To Buy Amazon Shares
          • How To Buy Alphabet Shares
          • How To Buy Netflix Shares
          • How To Buy Microsoft Shares
          • How To Buy Meta Shares
        • What Happens If Your Investing Platform Shuts Down?
        • Fractional Shares
        • Transferring Share Portfolios
        • How to Read and Understand a Share Chart
        • NZX in a Nutshell
        • Investing in Asian Markets from New Zealand
        • Understand Gross vs Net
    • Introduction to Investing
      • Guides
        • Index Funds
        • 10 Ways to Invest in New Zealand
        • How to Invest Regularly
        • Passive Investing vs Active Investing
        • Investments You Can Own Forever
        • Investing Mistakes
        • ETFs (Exchange Traded Funds)
        • Best Retirement Income Products in New Zealand
        • Index Funds vs ETFs
        • Shares vs ETFs
        • Dollar-Cost Averaging Guide
        • Passive Income Strategies
        • How Wealthy New Zealanders Invest Their Money
        • The Best Way to Invest Inheritance or a Windfall
        • Barefoot Investor-Friendly Financial Products in New Zealand
        • Investment Terms Glossary
        • IPOs
        • Investing in Dividend Shares
        • Common Shareholder Numbers in New Zealand
        • Shorting a Stock
        • Investing vs Trading vs Gambling
      • Young People and Investing
        • Investing for Kids
        • Investing For Grandchildren
        • 10 Top Investments for Young New Zealanders
        • Sharesies Kids Accounts Review
        • SquareOne Review
        • Dosh Review
      • Investing Calculators
        • Compound Interest Calculator
        • Investment Calculator
        • Savings Calculator
        • Net Worth Calculator
        • Million Dollar Calculator
    • Managed Funds, Tax & DIY Investing
      • Guides
        • Investing Guide
        • Our Favourite Funds
        • Advisers
          • Financial Advisers Overview
          • DIY Investing vs Investment Brokerage Firms vs Financial Advisors
          • Financial Advisers Auckland
          • Financial Advisers Wellington
          • Financial Advisers Christchurch
        • Bank Credit Ratings
        • Tax on Investments and Savings
        • Capital Gains Tax
        • Bright-Line Test
        • Ethical Investing
        • Best ESG Funds
        • Asset Allocations to Build Wealth
        • Managing Offshore Investments for Returning New Zealanders and Migrants
        • Managed Funds
          • Booster Private Land and Property Fund Review
        • How to Buy and Sell Bonds
        • Buying NZ Corporate Bonds
        • Trading in a Nutshell
        • Peer to Peer Lending
        • Crowd Funding Guide
        • REITs Guide
        • Jasper Review
        • Investing & Personal Finance Podcasts
        • Emergency Funds
        • UK Pension Transfer to New Zealand
        • Returning to the UK from NZ
        • Spending Your Savings in Retirement
        • How to Take Income from Investments
        • What Am I Entitled to If My UK Pension Scheme or Provider Makes a Mistake?
        • Investment Scams
        • Investing in Recession-Proof Sectors and Asset Classes During a Downturn
        • Hedging Investments
        • Top Personal Finance Books for New Zealanders
        • Top Ten Personal Finance Resources
      • Reviews
        • Simplicity Investment Funds Review
        • Lending Crowd Review
        • Squirrel Review
        • Sharesight Review
        • Lifetime Retirement Income
        • New Zealand Financial Markets Authority (FMA)
      • Calculators
        • Managed Funds Fee Calculator
        • Basis Points Calculator
        • Inflation Calculator
        • Retirement Calculator New Zealand
    • Alternative Investments and Trading
      • Reviews
        • BlackBull Markets Review
        • CMC Markets Review
        • Plus500 Review
        • IG Review
        • TMGM Review
        • CMC Markets vs Plus500 vs IG Markets vs BlackBull Markets
      • Guides
        • How to Invest in Gold
        • How to Invest in Silver
        • Forex Trading Guide
        • Options Trading
        • Contracts for Difference (CFDs) Guide
        • Futures Trading
        • Commodities Trading
        • Forex Trading Tools
        • Forex Trading Platforms Comparison
        • Forex Trading Courses and Education
        • Forex Regulation
        • Copy Trading
    • Cryptocurrency
      • Reviews
        • Easy Crypto Review
        • Swyftx Review
        • Binance Review
        • Easy Crypto vs Swyftx
        • Independent Reserve Review
        • eToro Review
        • Coinbase Review
        • Kiwi-Coin Bitcoin Exchange Review
        • Vault International Bitcoin Fund Review
      • Guides
        • How to Buy Bitcoin in New Zealand
        • Beginner's Guide to Bitcoin and Blockchain
        • Guide to NFTs
        • Bitcoin Wallet Guide
        • Bitcoin Mining
        • How to Sell Bitcoin
        • Bitcoin and Crypto Scams
        • Initial Coin Offerings
        • A Beginner’s Guide to Investing in Cryptocurrencies
        • Decentralised Finance
        • Bitcoin in New Zealand
        • New Zealand Bitcoin Exchanges
        • How to Buy Ethereum in New Zealand
        • Other Coins
          • How to Buy Ripple in New Zealand
          • How to Buy Cardano in New Zealand
          • How to Buy Dogecoin in New Zealand
          • How to Buy Litecoin in New Zealand
          • How to Buy Polkadot in New Zealand
  • Loans & Finance
    • Car Finance
      • Car Finance Calculator
      • Electric Vehicle Loans
      • How to Refinance Your Car Loan
      • Car Loan Refinance Calculator
      • Car Dealership Finance vs Alternatives
      • Bad Credit Car Loans
      • Car Finance Company Reviews
        • AA Money Review
        • Better Finance Review
        • Kiwi Car Loans Review
        • MTF Finance Review
        • Simplify Loans Review
        • Car Loan Brokers vs Direct Car Finance
      • Car Finance Must-Knows Guides
        • Buying a Car Loan vs Personal Loan?
        • Car Loans and Collateral
        • Car Loan Guarantors
        • How to Save for a Car
        • Paying Cash for a Car vs Car Finance
        • Balloon Payments
      • Car Finance Add-On Insurance Guides
        • GAP (Guaranteed Asset Protection Insurance) Insurance
        • MBI (Mechanical Breakdown Insurance)
        • PPI (Payment Protection Insurance)
    • Personal Loans
      • Debt Consolidation Loans
      • Secured Loans
      • Home Renovation Loans
      • Online Loans
      • Bad Credit Loans
      • Beneficiary Loans
      • Payday Loans
      • Cash Advance
      • Same Day Loans
      • Low Income Loans
      • Personal Loan Calculator
      • Debt Consolidation Calculator
      • Refinance Personal Loan Calculator
      • Home Renovation Loan Calculator
      • Interest Calculator
      • Harmoney Loans Review
      • Nectar Review
      • Avanti Finance Review
      • Save My Bacon Review
    • Credit Scores & Interest Rates
      • Credit Scores and Credit Checks
      • How to Build Credit in New Zealand
      • How to Pay Down Debt Faster
      • Baycorp and Debt Collection
      • Interest Rates Guide
      • Interest Rate Comparison
      • Buy Now Pay Later Apps
        • Afterpay Review
        • Laybuy Review
        • Humm Review
        • Zip Review
  • Insurance
    • Car Insurance
      • Guides
        • How to Get Cheaper Car Insurance
        • Car Insurance Calculator
        • No Claims Bonuses Explained
        • Car Insurance Excess Explained
        • Cheapest Cars to Insure
        • Modifications that Make a Car Uninsurable
        • Car Insurers Directory
        • Car Insurance Glossary
      • Reviews
        • Tower Car Insurance Review
        • Cove Car Insurance Review
        • Trade Me Car Insurance Review
      • AMI vs AA Insurance vs Cove vs State vs Tower vs Trade Me Insurance
      • Young Driver Car Insurance
      • Third Party Car Insurance
      • Caravan Insurance
    • Home, Contents and Other Insurance
      • House Insurance
      • House Insurance Calculator
      • Difficult to Insure Areas
      • Insuring Old Houses
      • Contents Insurance
      • Home and Contents Insurance
      • Renters' Insurance
      • Landlord Insurance
      • Dental Insurance and Dentist Plans
      • Phone Insurance
      • Insurance Excess
      • Motorbike Insurance
      • Initio Review
      • Insurance Brokers
        • Trusted Insurance Brokers in Wellington
        • Trusted Insurance Brokers in Christchurch
    • Pet Insurance
      • Is Pet Insurance Worth Buying?
      • Cat and Dog Desexing
      • Getting a Kitten
      • Buying a Puppy
      • Pet Euthanasia
      • Vet Costs in New Zealand
      • Costs of Owning a Cat
      • Costs of Owning a Dog
    • Life & Health Insurance
      • Life Insurance
        • Life Insurance Policy Comparison - Cigna vs AIA vs Asteron Life vs Fidelity vs Westpac vs Partners Life
        • Life Insurance Calculator
        • Pre-Existing Medical Conditions
        • Buying Life Insurance Direct vs Using an Insurance Broker
        • Life Insurance Policies - Features and Questions to Ask
        • When To Cancel Or Change a Life Insurance Policy
        • Life Insurance For Smokers and Vapers
      • Health Insurance
        • Going to Australia for Medical Treatment
      • Income Protection Insurance
        • ACC vs Income Protection Insurance
        • Income Protection Insurance for Self Employed
      • Mortgage Insurance
      • Trauma Insurance
      • Redundancy Insurance
      • Funeral Insurance
        • What to Do When a Spouse or Partner Dies
        • Funeral Costs
  • Credit Cards
    • Best Credit Cards
    • Rewards and Cashback Credit Cards
    • The Best American Express Credit Cards
    • Air New Zealand Airpoints Credit Cards
      • ANZ vs AMEX vs Kiwibank vs Westpac Platinum Airpoints Credit Cards
      • ANZ Airpoints Visa Platinum vs AMEX Airpoints Platinum
      • Kiwibank Airpoints Platinum Visa vs AMEX Airpoints Platinum
      • Westpac Airpoints Platinum Mastercard vs AMEX Airpoints Platinum
    • Balance Transfer Credit Cards
    • Platinum and Gold Credit Cards
    • Reviews
      • American Express Credit Cards Review
        • American Express Airpoints Platinum Review
        • American Express Gold Rewards Card Review
        • AMEX Comparison - Airpoints Platinum vs Gold Rewards
        • American Express Free Card vs Airpoints Platinum
        • American Express Platinum Card Review
        • American Express Membership Rewards Program Review
        • AMEX Cardholder Feedback
        • The Best Ways to Spend AMEX Membership Rewards Points
        • Qantas Credit Cards
        • Singapore Airlines KrisFlyer Credit Cards
        • Cathay Pacific Asia Miles Credit Cards
        • Emirates Skywards Credit Cards
        • RewardPay Review
      • Flight Centre Mastercard Review
    • Guides
      • Pay Off Credit Card Debt
      • Credit Card Basics
      • Mastercard vs Visa
      • Credit Card Minimum Payments Explained
      • Where is Amex Accepted?
      • Credit Card Interest Calculator
      • How to Request a Credit Card Chargeback
    • Other Credit Cards
      • Travel Money Cards
        • Australia Travel Money
        • Bali Travel Money
        • Fiji Travel Money
        • Rarotonga Travel Money
        • UK Travel Money
      • Wise Debit Card Review
      • Revolut Review
      • Revolut vs Wise - Which Is Better?
      • Travelex Money Card vs Wise Debit Card Comparison
      • OneSmart Card vs Wise Debit Card Comparison
      • Cash Passport vs Wise Debit Card Comparison
      • Best Foreign Currency Debit & Credit Cards
      • Free Credit Cards
      • Low Interest Credit Cards
      • Credit Cards for Bad Credit
      • Q Card & Q Mastercard Review
      • GEM Visa Review
      • Onecard Visa Review
      • Purple Visa Review
  • Banking & Savings
    • Banking
      • Best Bank Accounts
      • Best Debit Cards
      • Best Joint Bank Accounts
      • Kids Bank Accounts
      • Cut Overdraft Costs
      • Private Banking
      • International Money Transfers
      • Open an Australian Bank Account from New Zealand
      • Open a UK Bank Account from New Zealand
    • Savings
      • Best Term Deposits
      • Booster Savvy Review
      • Best PIE Term Deposits
      • Best Call Accounts
      • Best Savings Accounts
      • Term Deposit Alternatives
    • Guides and Resources
      • Banks vs Credit Unions
      • Open Banking Guide
      • NZ Bank Prefix Codes
    • Reviews
      • Wise Money Transfer Review
      • Heartland Bank Review
      • First Credit Union Review
      • NZCU Baywide Review
      • The Co-operative Bank NZ Review
      • Western Union Review
  • Mortgages
    • Mortgage Essentials
      • Best Home Loans
      • Mortgage Calculator
      • How Much Can I Borrow?
      • Debt to Income Ratios
      • Equity (and Leverage) Calculator
      • Mortgage Repayment Calculator
      • Mortgage Options
      • Mortgage Cashback
    • Other Mortgage Options
      • Interest-Only Mortgages Guide
      • Interest-Only Mortgage Calculator
      • Revolving Credit Mortgages
      • Offset Mortgages
      • Offset Mortgage Calculator
      • Fixed vs Floating Mortgage Rate Calculator
      • Understanding Interest Rate Swaps
      • What is the OCR?
    • Alternative Mortgage Options
      • Low-Deposit Home Loans
      • Rent to Own Homes
      • First Home Loan Guide
      • Reverse Mortgages
    • Mortgage Management
      • Saving for a House Deposit
      • Pay Off Your Mortgage Faster
      • Mortgage Overpayment Calculator
      • Remortgaging Guide
      • Mortgage Relief and Holidays
      • Amortisation Calculator
      • Mortgage Break Fees
      • Defaulting on a Mortgage
      • High Deposit Mortgages
      • Negative Equity
      • How to Manage Higher Mortgage Payments
      • Mortgage Refinance Calculator
    • Mortgage Brokers
      • Mortgage Brokers Explained
      • Trusted Auckland Mortgage Brokers
      • Trusted Hamilton Mortgage Brokers
      • Trusted Mortgage Brokers in Tauranga
      • Trusted Mortgage Brokers in Napier and Hastings
      • Trusted Mortgage Brokers in Wellington
      • Trusted Mortgage Brokers in Christchurch
    • Buying a Home
      • First Home Buyers Checklist
      • Home Buying Glossary
      • Best House Price & Valuation Websites in New Zealand
      • New Zealand Property Types
      • Rateable Value vs Market Value
      • Leasehold Property Guide
      • Conveyancing vs Lawyers
      • Buying an Apartment in New Zealand
      • Buying vs Renting a House
    • Selling a Home
      • How to Sell Your House Privately
      • Real Estate Agent Fees
      • Bridging Finance
    • Property Investment
      • Investment Property Mortgages
      • Renting Directly to Tenants vs Using an Agent
    • Building a House
      • Average Building Cost Per Square Metre
      • Cost to Build a New House
      • Buying Land to Build a House
      • Construction Loans
      • Tiny Homes in New Zealand
  • KiwiSaver
    • KiwiSaver Basics
      • Our Favourite KiwiSaver Funds
      • Is KiwiSaver Safe?
      • Choosing a KiwiSaver Fund
      • Choosing Your KiwiSaver Scheme
      • Balanced vs Moderate vs Growth KiwiSaver Funds - What is right for me?
      • KiwiSaver Must-Know Facts
      • Opting out of KiwiSaver
      • What Do I Do With My KiwiSaver When I Retire?
      • KiwiSaver Withdrawal
      • Switching KiwiSaver Funds
      • KiwiSaver Robo and Digital Advice Tools
      • Ethical Kiwisaver Funds
      • KiwiSaver Private Equity Investments
    • KiwiSaver Contributions & Tax
      • Your KiwiSaver Contributions
      • KiwiSaver Contributions - Gross or Net?
      • Employer KiwiSaver Contributions
      • Government KiwiSaver Contributions
      • KiwiSaver Savings Suspensions
      • Voluntary Contributions
      • What's My PIR?
      • KiwiSaver and Tax
    • KiwiSaver for Life Events and Specific Situations
      • Average KiwiSaver Balance by Age
      • KiwiSaver First-Home Withdrawal
      • KiwiSaver First Home Grant Guide
      • KiwiSaver Hardship Applications
      • KiwiSaver in a Divorce or Separation
      • KiwiSaver for Kids
    • KiwiSaver Schemes
      • Amanah KiwiSaver Scheme
      • AMP KiwiSaver Scheme
      • ANZ KiwiSaver Scheme
      • ASB KiwiSaver Scheme
      • AON KiwiSaver Scheme
      • BNZ KiwiSaver Scheme
      • Booster KiwiSaver Scheme
      • Fisher Funds KiwiSaver Scheme
      • Generate KiwiSaver Scheme
      • InvestNow KiwiSaver Scheme
      • JUNO KiwiSaver Scheme
      • Kernel KiwiSaver Review
      • Kiwi Wealth KiwiSaver Scheme
      • kōura Wealth KiwiSaver Review
      • Lifestages KiwiSaver Scheme
      • MAS KiwiSaver Scheme
        • MAS Review
      • Mercer KiwiSaver Scheme
      • Milford KiwiSaver Plan
      • New Zealand Defence Force KiwiSaver Scheme
      • Nikko AM KiwiSaver Scheme
      • Pathfinder KiwiSaver Review
      • QuayStreet KiwiSaver Scheme
      • Simplicity KiwiSaver Review
      • Summer KiwiSaver Scheme
      • SuperLife Review
      • Westpac KiwiSaver Scheme
    • KiwiSaver Calculators
      • KiwiSaver Calculator
      • KiwiSaver Returns Calculator
  • Business
    • Compare Business Loans
      • Business Line of Credit
      • Business Borrowing Options
      • Small Business Loans
      • Operating Leases
      • Finance Leases
      • Operating Leases vs Financing Leases
      • Prospa Business Loans Review
      • Bizcap Business Loans Review
    • Business Insurance
      • Public Liability Insurance
      • Business Interruption Insurance
      • Professional Indemnity Insurance
    • Business Credit Cards
    • Business Essentials
      • Money Saving Tips For Businesses
      • Get Debtors to Pay Overdue Invoices
      • Working Capital
      • Liquidations and Receiverships
      • Can't Make Payroll Guide
      • Buying out a Business Partner
      • Business Brokers
    • Business Calculators
      • Business Loan Calculator
      • ROI Calculator
      • IRR Calculator
      • Internal Rate of Return
      • Percent Off Calculator
      • Profit Margin Calculator
      • Current Ratio Calculator
      • Quick Ratio Calculator
    • Online Services
      • Domain Names
      • Trusted Web Designers
        • Auckland Web Designers
        • Hamilton Web Designers
        • Wellington Web Designers
        • Christchurch Web Designers
        • Tauranga Web Designers
        • Lower Hutt Web Designers
        • Dunedin Web Designers
      • Digital Identity Programs and Online Verification Tools
      • Social Media Influencer Marketing
      • PayPal NZ Account Fees
      • Paypal vs Stripe Review
      • Hnry Review
      • n3 Trade Card Review
      • Plain English Awards
    • For Startups
      • How to Start a Business in New Zealand
      • Raising Capital
      • Product Market Fit
      • Crowdfunding vs Bank Financing
      • Blackbird vs Movac
      • How to Become an Angel Investor
      • How to Raise Money from Angel Investors
      • Alternatives to VC Funding
      • Hiring for a Startup
      • VCFO (Virtual CFO)
      • New Zealand Startup and Founder Incubators
      • Expanding Offshore
      • New Zealand Invoice Template
      • Business Podcasts
  • MSD
    • Navigating Work and Income Benefits
    • Jobseeker Support Benefit Rates 2023 and 2024
    • Jobseeker Support Guide
    • Accommodation Supplement Guide
    • Disability Allowance
    • MyMSD
    • Community Services Card
    • Hardship Assistance - Urgent Costs and Living Expense Assistance
    • Loans for Unemployed
    • Working for Families Guide
    • Childcare Subsidies in New Zealand
    • NZ Superannuation in a Nutshell
    • Superannuation Rates 2023
    • Government Departments Helping New Zealanders Directly
    • COVID-19 Help
    • Food Grants Guide
    • Food Banks Directory
      • Food Banks Auckland
      • Food Banks Northland
      • Food Banks Hamilton Waikato
      • Food Banks Wellington
      • Food Banks Christchurch
  • Motoring
    • Buying and Selling a Car
      • Car Valuations
      • Buying a Used Car
      • Selling a Car
      • CarJam Review
      • CarJam vs MotorWeb Car Report Comparison
      • Top Cars that Hold Their Value
      • Vehicle Leasing
      • Car Registration in New Zealand
    • Everyday Driving
      • Costs of Owning a Car
      • 20 Ways to Make Driving Cheaper
      • Gaspy App Review
      • Parking Tickets
      • AA Membership Review
      • Best Car Batteries
      • Best Electric Cars
    • Warrant of Fitness
      • Guide to Warrant of Fitness
      • Warrant of Fitness Auckland
      • Warrant of Fitness Hamilton
      • Warrant of Fitness Tauranga
      • Warrant of Fitness Lower Hutt
      • Warrant of Fitness Wellington
      • Warrant of Fitness Christchurch
      • Warrant of Fitness Dunedin
  • Law
    • Wills Guide
    • Separation Agreements
    • Prenuptial Agreements
    • Divorce Guide
    • Trusts Guide
    • Enduring Power of Attorney Guide
    • Living Wills Guide
    • Probate
    • Agreeable Review
    • Footprint Online Wills Review
    • Perpetual Guardian
  • Job Hunting
    • Job Applications
      • CV Templates & Tips
      • Cover Letters
      • Common Interview Questions
    • Guides & Resources
      • How to Improve Your LinkedIn Profile
      • Part-Time Jobs Guide
      • Redundancy Payouts and Entitlements
      • How to Get Promoted
      • Self-Employment Guide
      • Workplace Bullying
    • Recruitment Agencies
      • Recruitment Agencies Auckland
      • Recruitment Agencies Wellington
      • Recruitment Agencies Christchurch
  • Travel
    • How to Get Access to Airport Lounges
    • Flybuys Review
    • Fastest Way To Earn Air NZ Status Points
    • How to Redeem Air New Zealand Airpoints Dollars
    • Air New Zealand Koru Membership Review
    • Air New Zealand Travel Tips
    • Air NZ Upgrade Guide
    • Airpoints Flexipay Guide
    • No Nonsense Upgrade Guide
    • Cheap Domestic Flights
    • Car Rental Hire
    • Auckland Airport Car Parking
    • First Table Guide
    • Accor Plus Review
    • Queenstown Like a Local
    • Auckland Travel for Less
    • Hotel Booking Sites Compared
    • 100+ Free Things to do in Auckland
    • Layby Flights Guide
    • Airbnb Refunds (Coronavirus)
    • Air New Zealand Refunds & Credits
    • Google Flights Guide
    • Skyscanner Guide
    • Working Holiday Visas
    • Currency Converter
    • Qatar Airways Travel Tips
    • Foreign Currency Exchange
      • Australian Dollars Exchange Rate
      • American Dollars Exchange Rate
      • British Pound Exchange Rate
      • Canadian Dollars Exchange Rate
      • Euro Exchange Rate
      • Fijian Dollars Exchange Rate
      • Hong Kong Dollar Exchange Rate
      • Korean Won Exchange Rate
      • Indian Rupee Exchange Rate
      • Japanese Yen Exchange Rate
      • Malaysian Ringgit Exchange Rate
      • South African Rand Exchange Rate
      • Singapore Dollars Exchange Rate
      • Thai Baht Exchange Rate
      • Chinese Yuan Exchange Rate
  • Broadband
    • Compare Broadband Plans
    • No Contract Broadband
    • Rural Broadband Plans
    • Internet Speed Test
    • Broadband Provider Reviews
      • 2degrees Broadband Review
      • Bigpipe Broadband Review
      • Compass Broadband Review
      • Contact Broadband Review
      • Electric Kiwi Broadband Review
      • Farmside Broadband Review
      • Flip Broadband Review
      • Mercury Broadband Review
      • MyRepublic Broadband Review
      • NOW Broadband Review
      • One NZ Broadband Review
      • Orcon Broadband Review
      • Spark Broadband Review
      • Skinny Review
      • Slingshot Broadband Review
      • Starlink Review
      • Voyager Broadband Review
      • Wireless Nation Broadband Review
  • Power
    • Compare Power Companies
    • Power and Broadband Bundles
    • How to Lower Your Power Bills
    • Fixed Contracts vs Open Power Plans – What You Need to Know
    • Electric Vehicle Power Plans
    • How to Use Less Power
    • Power Companies
      • Contact Energy Review
      • Ecotricity Review
      • Electric Kiwi Review
      • Flick Electric Review
      • Frank Energy Review
      • Genesis Energy Review
      • Globug Review
      • Mercury Review
      • Meridian Energy Review
      • Nova Energy Review
      • Powershop Review
      • Z Energy Power Review
  • Financial Independence
    • FIRE Guides
      • Retirement in a Nutshell
      • How to Retire Early
      • FIRE Explained
      • The Four Percent Rule
      • Achieving Financial Independence, Faster
      • Five Types of FIRE Plans
      • Getting FIRE’d in New Zealand
      • FIRE and NZ Real Estate
    • FIRE Tools
      • Budgeting Apps
      • Debt Repayment Apps
      • Free Financial Literacy Classes
      • Free Financial Products
      • 50/30/20 Budget Calculator
      • Budget Planner
    • Tax
      • Beginner's Guide to Tax
      • Salary Sacrifice in New Zealand
      • Tax Bracket Creep
      • Tax Refunds
    • Money Tips
      • 20 Things to Stop Buying to Have More Money
      • 20 Indicators You're Doing Well Financially
      • 20 Must-Know Money Lessons (Learned From Experience)
      • 20 Money Habits that Keep You Poor
      • Saving on Household Bills
      • Debt Help
      • CAP (Christians Against Poverty) Review
      • Debtfix Review
      • Getting into Debt to Meet Short Term Living Costs
      • How to Survive a Recession
      • Average NZ Salary by Age
      • How to Maximise Income in Retirement
      • How to Handle Rising Interest Rates
      • Free Money from the Government
      • Bankruptcy Guide
      • Unclaimed Money in New Zealand
      • Financial Planning for Children With Disabilities
      • Should I Stop Contributing to KiwiSaver?
      • Teaching Kids About Money
      • Single Parenting and Money
      • How to Protect Your Finances from Inflation
      • Impacts of Inflation in New Zealand - 2022 and Beyond
      • Tips for Families on a Single Income
      • Side Hustles
      • Charities in New Zealand
      • Lending Money to Friends & Family
      • Guarantors - Loans and Mortgages
  • Trade & Professional Services
    • Auckland Trade & Professional Services
      • Acupuncture Auckland
      • Arborists Auckland
      • Asbestos Removal Auckland
      • Auto Electricians Auckland
      • Bathroom Renovations Auckland
      • Builders Auckland
      • Building Inspectors Auckland
      • Cabinet Makers Auckland
      • Car Detailing Auckland ​
      • Catering Auckland
      • Cattery Auckland
      • Chimney Sweep Auckland
      • Chiropractors Auckland
      • Cleaners Auckland
      • Computer Repair Experts Auckland
      • Concreters Auckland
      • Dentists Auckland
      • Dog Boarding Kennels Auckland
      • Dog Daycare Auckland
      • Dog Grooming Auckland
      • Dry Cleaners Auckland
      • Electricians Auckland
      • Eyelash Extensions Auckland
      • Firewood Auckland
      • Flooring Companies Auckland
      • Fridge Repair Auckland
      • Garage Door Repair Auckland
      • Glaziers Auckland
      • Graphic Design Auckland
      • Gutter Cleaning Auckland
      • Gym Memberships Auckland
      • Hair Salons Auckland
      • Heat Pump & AC Specialists Auckland
      • Home Security Systems Auckland
      • Korean BBQ Auckland
      • Land Surveyors Auckland
      • Landscapers Auckland
      • Lawn Mowing Services Auckland
      • Locksmiths Auckland
      • Mechanics Auckland
      • Makeup Artists Auckland
      • Naturopaths Auckland
      • Optometrists Auckland
      • Painters Auckland
      • Panel Beaters Auckland
      • Personal Trainers Auckland
      • Pest Control Auckland
      • Plumbers Auckland
      • Podiatrists Auckland
      • Puppy School Auckland
      • Roofing Auckland
      • Scaffolding Auckland
      • Screen Printing Auckland
      • Solar Panels Auckland
      • Quality Tyres Auckland
      • Wedding Car Hire Auckland
      • Wedding Celebrant Auckland
      • Wedding Photographers Auckland
      • Wedding Videographers Auckland
      • Window Tinting Auckland
    • Wellington Trade Services
      • Arborists Wellington
      • Bathroom Renovations Wellington
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Interest Rate Swaps - The Definitive New Zealand Guide

Our guide explains interest rate swaps and their importance for managing interest rate risk for banks and companies in New Zealand. We cover how swaps work, the risks involved, and their impact on everyday residential borrowers.
Interest Rate Swaps NZ
Updated 20 February 2023
Summary:​
  • Interest swap rates are agreements between two parties to exchange cash flows based on a predetermined fixed or floating interest rate.
  • Swap rates allow banks, companies, and investors to manage interest rate risk by locking in a fixed interest rate for a specific period.
  • Increasing swap rates can lead to higher floating interest rates for borrowers with floating-rate mortgages while decreasing swap rates can lead to lower floating interest rates.
  • Interest rate swaps involve two primary risks; interest rate risk and credit risk, but we believe credit risk is low in New Zealand given it is the banks that predominantly enter into swap contracts.
  • The New Zealand 90-day bank bill rate is the benchmark rate for floating interest rate payments in New Zealand swap agreements.
  • Swap rates can be used for various purposes, such as hedging against interest rate risk, managing cash flows, or speculating on interest rate movements. However, they're just one of many tools available for managing interest rate risk.

Our guide covers:
  • How Interest Rate Swaps Work
  • Understanding the Risks of Interest Rate Swaps
  • Must-Know Facts About Swap Rates
  • Frequently Asked Questions

MoneyHub Founder Christopher Walsh shares his views on the best sources of interest rate swap data:

"S&P and interest.co.nz are two reputable sources of swap rate data in New Zealand that I'm proud to profile on MoneyHub".

"S&P is a global financial information and analytics company that provides ratings, research, and data on various financial markets and instruments, including swap rates. They are known for their rigorous methodology and reliable data, making them a trusted source for investors, everyday New Zealanders and financial institutions".

"Interest.co.nz is a New Zealand-based news and information website that provides comprehensive coverage of various financial markets, including the interest rate market. They provide regular updates on swap rates and other financial indicators, as well as in-depth analysis and commentary from industry experts. Their focus on the New Zealand market makes them a valuable resource for those looking for local insights and information. Swap rate data is supplied by the NZFMA, the New Zealand Financial Markets Association (not to be confused with the FMA)".
S&P 5-Year Swaps
interest.co.nz Data
Christopher Walsh
Christopher Walsh
MoneyHub Founder


How Interest Rate Swaps Work NZ

How Interest Rate Swaps Work

A swap rate is an agreement between two parties to exchange cash flows based on a predetermined fixed or floating interest rate. The parties involved in a swap agreement are called the "fixed-rate payer" and the "floating-rate payer." The fixed-rate payer agrees to pay a fixed interest rate to the floating-rate payer, who agrees to pay a floating interest rate based on a benchmark rate such as the New Zealand 90-day bank bill rate.

The swap rate is the fixed interest rate that the fixed-rate payer agrees to pay the floating-rate payer. The swap rate is calculated based on the difference between the fixed interest rate and the floating interest rate and the period over which the swap agreement will run.

For example, if Westpac has issued floating-rate loans to borrowers and then decides to convert the floating interest rate on the loan to a fixed interest rate, Westpac can enter into a swap agreement with another party (for example, ASB) to exchange the floating interest rate payments for fixed interest rate payments. The swap rate will be determined based on the difference between the floating interest rate and the fixed interest rate and the period over which the swap agreement will run.

Know This: Interest rate swaps first helped banks manage their floating-rate debt liabilities by allowing them to agree with other banks or counterparties to pay fixed rates and receive floating-rate payments. This meant that banks could pay a fixed interest rate but receive payments matching their floating-rate debt. But, of course, they could also do the opposite – pay floating rates and receive a fixed interest rate. 

Swaps have now evolved to reflect the market's expectations for interest rates in the future; hence higher movements in swap rates reflect the possibility of increasing interest rates and vice versa. For this reason, they are closely watched by housing market commentators as a predictor of mortgage lending rates.

Why are Swap Rates Important?

  • Swap rates are important in financial markets because they enable banks, companies, and investors to manage interest rate risk. Interest rate risk is the risk that the value of a financial instrument will decline due to changes in interest rates. For example, if interest rates rise, the value of a fixed-rate bond will decline because the interest payments on the bond are fixed and do not increase with rising interest rates. Our guide to bonds and investing in New Zealand bonds explain more.
  • Using swap rates, banks, companies, and investors can hedge against interest rate risk by locking in a fixed interest rate for a specific period. This can help to stabilize their cash flows and protect them against interest rate volatility. Swap rates also play a critical role in pricing various financial instruments and are most popular in the mortgage market.

What do increasing and decreasing swap rates indicate for New Zealanders with mortgages?

If swap rates increase, banks' borrowing costs may also increase, resulting in higher floating interest rates for borrowers with floating-rate mortgages. On the other hand, if swap rates decrease, the banks' borrowing costs may also decrease, leading to lower floating interest rates for borrowers with floating-rate mortgages. For those with fixed-rate mortgages, changes in swap rates may not immediately impact their interest rates since they are fixed for a specified period.

What's the difference between the OCR and swap rates?

The overnight domestic cash (interest) rate, or OCR, is a key interest rate set by the Reserve Bank of New Zealand and directly affects short-term interest rates such as floating home loan rates. As the bank for the banks, the Reserve Bank sets the OCR, the interest rate paid to banks for their deposits with the Reserve Bank, essentially the bank's interest income.

On the other hand, swap rates are the rates at which parties are willing to swap floating income for fixed income. These rates are particularly influential for longer-term home loan rates, such as those fixed for one or more years.

To ensure they can match the maturity of their assets (loans out) with their liabilities (deposits in), banks use interest rate swap contracts to hedge future interest rate risk. For this reason, home loan rates are determined by swap rates, which are the prices banks pay to lend for longer maturities.

In summary, while the OCR significantly impacts short-term interest rates, swap rates play a crucial role in determining longer-term home loan rates, as they allow banks to manage their interest rate risk and ensure they can match the maturity of their assets with their liabilities.

Interest Rate Swaps Risks NZ

Understanding the Risks of Interest Rate Swaps

There are two primary risks – interest rate risk and credit risk. Because the New Zealand interest rate market is predominantly interbank, the credit risk is arguably low.
  • Understanding the interest rate risk: Interest rates move around, and it's not uncommon for banks to get their predictions wrong. This means the bank receiving fixed-rate interest will profit if interest rates fall and lose if interest rates rise. Conversely, the bank paying fixed-rate interest to the other bank will profit if interest rates rise and lose if interest rates fall.
  • Understanding credit risk: This is the chance that either contracting party to an interest rate swap defaults on its responsibility to make payments. The risk is low given the capital reserves of New Zealand banks and the fact that the overall risk of interest rate swaps causing material losses to a bank is low.

Interest Rate Swaps Facts NZ

Must-Know Facts About Swap Rates

Our list of facts is published to help explain interest rate swaps further:
  1. The market forces of supply and demand determine swap rates. In addition, the swap rate reflects the expectations of market participants regarding future interest rate movements.
  2. Swap rates are quoted in basis points. A basis point is equal to 0.01%, so a swap rate of 50 basis points is equal to 0.50%. Our basis points calculator explains more details.
  3. The New Zealand 90-day bank bill rate is the benchmark rate for floating interest rate payments in New Zealand swap agreements.
  4. The Reserve Bank of New Zealand (RBNZ) plays a significant role in setting interest rates in the country. Consequently, changes in the official cash rate (OCR), the interest rate banks can borrow from the RBNZ, can significantly impact swap rates and other interest rate instruments.
  5. Various factors can influence swap rates, including inflation, economic growth, and geopolitical events. Swap rates are updated every working day by S&P, which uses the 5-year swap rate - you'll need to change the drop-down from "Performance" to "Yield to Maturity" to see the interest rate.
  6. Swap rates can be used for various purposes, such as hedging against interest rate risk, managing cash flows, or speculating on interest rate movements. However, it's important to remember that swap rates can be volatile and subject to sudden changes. Ordinary New Zealanders don't usually enter into interest swap agreements, but in recent history, there was a scandal with swap rates and farmers, best explained in this Stuff.co.nz article.
  7. It's important to note that swap rates are just one of many tools available for managing interest rate risk. Other tools, such as options, futures, or interest rate swaps, may also be used depending on the specific needs of the parties involved.
  8. Overall, swap rates are a complex financial instrument that plays a crucial role in managing interest rate risk in New Zealand. By understanding how swap rates work, their importance, and the risks and benefits involved, you can make informed decisions when investing or managing your finances.

Know This: Swap rates can have an impact on the wider economy in New Zealand. For example, changes in swap rates can affect the cost of borrowing for businesses and consumers, which can impact investment and spending decisions.
  1. The swap market in New Zealand is relatively small compared to other financial markets, such as the foreign exchange or bond markets.However, it is still a critical component of the country's financial system and is important in managing interest rate risk.
  2. The maturity of a swap agreement can have an impact on the swap rate. Generally, the longer the maturity of the swap agreement, the higher the swap rate will be. This is because more uncertainty and risk are associated with longer-term interest rate movements.
  3. The liquidity of the swap market in New Zealand can vary depending on market conditions. In periods of volatility or uncertainty, the market's liquidity may decrease, making it more challenging to execute swap agreements at favourable rates.

Interest Rate Swaps Frequently Asked Questions NZ

Frequently Asked Questions

Swaps are not contracts you enter into unless you're a bank or specifically need to manage interest rate risks. Our list of common queries below is designed to help make sense of the mechanics.

Who uses swap rates?

Banks, companies and investors use swap rates to manage interest rate risk. Swap contracts are not consumer-focused, meaning it's unlikely retail investors will enter into agreements with other parties. However, we have published this guide to help people understand them and how they influence the prediction of mortgage rates.

How are swap rates determined?

Swap rates are determined by the market forces of supply and demand, and they reflect the expectations of market participants regarding future interest rate movements.

What is the difference between a fixed-rate and a floating-rate swap?

In a fixed-rate swap, one party pays a fixed interest rate to the other, which pays a floating interest rate based on a benchmark rate. The parties exchange floating interest rate payments based on different benchmark rates in a floating-rate swap.

How long do interest rate swap agreements typically last?

Agreements can last from a few months to several years, depending on the needs of the parties involved. Generally, the longer the term, the higher the swap rate.

Are swap rates the same as forward rates?

No - a forward rate is a rate at which a currency or asset can be exchanged in the future, whereas a swap rate is an agreement to exchange cash flows based on predetermined interest rates.

In the early 2000s, there was a scandal around interest rate swaps, farmers and banks. What was involved, and does it apply to a typical homeowner?

This scandal, outlined in detail in this NZ Herald article, involved the ANZ bank and farmers. The issue revolved around interest rate swaps that the farmers had entered into with the banks. The swaps were intended to protect the farmers against rising interest rates, but instead, they found themselves locked into paying high fixed rates while interest rates dropped. The scandal was mainly a concern for those who had entered into interest rate swap contracts, which are not common for typical homeowners.

Typical homeowners usually have more straightforward mortgage arrangements, such as floating or fixed-rate mortgages, and are not usually involved in interest-rate swap contracts. However, any responsible homeowner will keep an eye on interest rate trends and regularly review their mortgage options to ensure they have the most appropriate mortgage for their needs. Talking to a mortgage broker is also popular to ensure you don't overpay on mortgage renewals.

MoneyHub Founder Christopher Walsh shares his views on the best sources of interest rate swap data:

"S&P and interest.co.nz are two reputable sources of swap rate data in New Zealand that I'm proud to profile on MoneyHub".

"S&P is a global financial information and analytics company that provides ratings, research, and data on various financial markets and instruments, including swap rates. They are known for their rigorous methodology and reliable data, making them a trusted source for investors, everyday New Zealanders and financial institutions".

"Interest.co.nz is a New Zealand-based news and information website that provides comprehensive coverage of various financial markets, including the interest rate market. They provide regular updates on swap rates and other financial indicators, as well as in-depth analysis and commentary from industry experts. Their focus on the New Zealand market makes them a valuable resource for those looking for local insights and information. Swap rate data is supplied by the NZFMA, the New Zealand Financial Markets Association (not to be confused with the FMA)".
S&P 5-Year Swaps
interest.co.nz Data
Christopher Walsh
Christopher Walsh
MoneyHub Founder


Related Guides (External):
  • ​S&P Swap Rates (5 Year)
  • Investopedia Swap Rates
  • Wholesale Interest Rates

MoneyHub Guides:
  • What is the OCR?
  • Hedging Investments
  • Home Loan Rates
  • Floating vs Fixed Mortgage Calculator
  • Interest Rates Explained
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